Examine the following research topics and decide whether experimental research, ex post facto research, or correlational research is the appropriate research design for each one: a

Examine the following research topics and decide whether experimental research, ex post facto research, or correlational research is the appropriate research design for each one:

a. The effect of parents’ divorce on the achievement motivation of the children

b. The effect of a specifi c program of vocabulary instruction on social studies achievement

c. The relationship between self-esteem and grade point average

d. The effect of phonics instruction on the reading grade level of fourth-grade students

e. The relationship between the verbal aptitude scores of identical twins f. The relationship between preschool attendance or nonattendance and academic achievement in fi rst-graders