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The work is to be 5 pages with three to five sources, with in-text citations and a reference page

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The work is to be 5 pages with three to five sources, with in-text citations and a reference page. The decision-making process in the EU is a complicated process. As for now, 27 different national governments must be involved in the process. The European Commission, the European Parliament, and the EU’s supranational political institution play a very vital role in the decision-making process. The policy decisions are complicated, new treaties and setting of strategic EU directions are approved by the member states only and European Council respectively. There are some policy areas that stay almost entirely national competencies for example tax.

The formal procedures used to make ‘day-to-day decisions by the EU lead to changes in the balance of power over time and in the policy areas between the national and EU levels and between the EU institutions. The pillar system structure was flexible and allowed policy issues to be shifted from one pillar to another as members became accustomed to cooperation in an issue, it was an excellent but limited example of such a variation because in pillar one there is still difference in the power distribution e.g. the EU still has strong powers in competition policy even today but the EP has a small role in the same policy area where the power is in the hands of the Commission in the form of the original Community method.

In some policies like the environmental policy, the EU competence has expanded from zero to impressive and most of the policy decisions are made using the qualified majority voting in Council which requires that only a certain portion of the member state need to accept a measure in order to obtain support of the Council as a whole and the decision, thus giving the EP a significant degree of power where formal procedures are applied. But there is also an application of the new modes of governance in this policy.

When the new modes of governance are used in making decisions, it is used in various ways.