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Homework answers / question archive / Consider each of the scenarios below and decide which of the following threats to internal validity are most apparent: extraneous events, instrumentation, mortality, regression, or selection

Consider each of the scenarios below and decide which of the following threats to internal validity are most apparent: extraneous events, instrumentation, mortality, regression, or selection

Writing

Consider each of the scenarios below and decide which of the following threats to internal validity are most apparent:

extraneous events, instrumentation, mortality, regression, or selection.

a. A researcher surveyed high school students to learn more about their practice of smoking cigarettes. The first part of the survey tested their knowledge of the effects of smoking from a medical and physiological perspective, the second part assessed their attitudes toward smoking, and the third part asked about their frequency of smoking. Then a group of volunteer smokers participated in a five-week course after school that was designed to provide knowledge, change attitudes, and (hopefully) reduce smoking. Students who completed the entire course (about half of the original number) were posttested using the same survey. The findings revealed greater knowledge, more negative attitudes, and fewer smokers among the students as a function of the course. The researchers concluded that the program was successful. The timing was opportune, since many students were completing a driver training course and learning that most insurance companies provide discounts to nonsmoking drivers.       

b. A group of second graders scoring at the bottom 10% on a reading test were targeted for intensive daily instruction for two weeks. They were retested after the remediation using the same instrument (but with clearer instructions) and scored significantly higher. A comparison group identified at another school as needing—but not yet receiving—remediation was also tested using the same instrument. They scored lower than the remediated group. This finding, coupled with the group’s significant gain, led the researcher to conclude that the intensive instruction was effective.

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