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This is a three-part question that should be answered in one page with two peer-reviewed references

Psychology

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This is a three-part question that should be answered in one page with two peer-reviewed references. APA is not necessary. The majority of people who use alcohol do so abide by societal norms.  Some people abuse alcohol, and some become addicted.

1. In your opinion, what is heavy drinking, alcohol abuse, and alcohol dependence?
2. About 25% of individuals are affected by a close friend/relative with alcohol dependence.  How have you been affected by an addict in your own life?  (Share to the extent that you feel comfortable in this class)
3. Alcoholics Anonymous (and other 12 step programs) have been both positively and negatively reviewed in the scientific literature.  Do you think that 12-step programs are effective? If not, why. If so, what do you think is the mechanism of action that twelve-step programs provide.  Support your hypothesis in the literature.