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Homework answers / question archive / 1) A) How do amphetamine and methamphetamine affect catecholamine release, and what are the behavioral effects of these drugs in laboratory rats and mice? B) What is meant by single-spiking versus burst firing mode as applied to the firing patterns of midbrain dopaminergic neurons? How do these different firing patterns influence dopamine release at the nerve terminal? 2) A) What are the goals of optogenetics? In a general way, tell how they are achieved

1) A) How do amphetamine and methamphetamine affect catecholamine release, and what are the behavioral effects of these drugs in laboratory rats and mice? B) What is meant by single-spiking versus burst firing mode as applied to the firing patterns of midbrain dopaminergic neurons? How do these different firing patterns influence dopamine release at the nerve terminal? 2) A) What are the goals of optogenetics? In a general way, tell how they are achieved

Psychology

1) A) How do amphetamine and methamphetamine affect catecholamine release, and what are the behavioral effects of these drugs in laboratory rats and mice? B) What is meant by single-spiking versus burst firing mode as applied to the firing patterns of midbrain dopaminergic neurons? How do these different firing patterns influence dopamine release at the nerve terminal?

2) A) What are the goals of optogenetics? In a general way, tell how they are achieved. Compare the advantages and disadvantages of optogenetics, chemogenetics (DREADD), and magnetogenetics. B) Which neurotransmitters make up the category called catecholamines? What are the distinguishing chemical features of this category?

3) A) What factors must be considered when interpreting radioligand binding data? B) How is autoradiography performed when mapping receptor binding? In vivo receptor binding? C) What is one significant difference between ICC and Western blot? How are antibodies used in these procedures?

4) A) What are the anxiety-inducing situations that are central to the naturalistic tests of anxiety in rodents? Provide several examples. Why do you think some of these anxiety-induced situations are evolutionarily important for survival? B) Compare the acute versus chronic stress models of depressive-like behaviors. What are the advantages and disadvantages?

5) A) What is the difference between somatodendritic and terminal autoreceptors? How do these receptors control the rate of neurotransmitter release? B) Discuss the mechanisms by which neurotransmitters are inactivated. C) Compare the functions of neurotransmitter transporters with those of neurotransmitter autoreceptors.

6) A) Describe the structure of a typical axodendritic synapse, including both presynaptic and postsynaptic elements. How do axosomatic synapses, axoaxonic synapses, and neuromuscular junctions differ from axodendritic synapses? B) List the criteria required for a substance to be verified as a neurotransmitter. Of these, which might be considered most important?

7) A) What is the limbic system? How do the hippocampus and amygdala modify our behavior? B) How is the cerebral cortex organized? What is the distinction between primary, secondary, and tertiary cortical regions? C) What are the most significant differences between rat and human brains?

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