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The reserve requirement, open market operations, and the moneysupply Assume that banks do not hold excess reserves and that households do not hold currency, so the only form of money is demand deposits

Economics Oct 21, 2020

The reserve requirement, open market operations, and the moneysupply Assume that banks do not hold excess reserves and that households do not hold currency, so the only form of money is demand deposits. To simplify the analysis, suppose the banking system has total reserves of $100. Determine the money multiplier and the money supply for each reserve requirement listed in the following table. Reserve Requirement (Percent) 15 Simple Money Multiplier Money Supply (Dollars) 10 A lower reserve requirement is associated with a money supply. Suppose the Federal Reserve wants to increase the money supply by $100. Again, you can assume that banks do not hold excess reserves and that households do not hold currency. If the reserve requirement is 10%, the Fed will use open-market operations to worth or U.S. government bonds. Now, suppose that, rather than immediately lending out all excess reserves, banks begin holding some excess reserves due to uncertain economic conditions. Specifically, banks increase the percentage of deposits held as reserves from 10% to 20%. This increase in the reserve ratio causes the money multiplier to Under these conditions, the Fed would need to worth of U.S. government bonds in order to increase the money supply by $100. to Which of the following statements help to explain why, in the real world, the Fed carinet precisely control the money supply? Check all that apply. The Fed cannot control whether and to what extent banks hold excess reserves. The Fed cannot control the amount of money that households choose to hold as currency. The Fed cannot prevent banks from lending out required reserves Grade It Now Save & Continue Continue without saving

Expert Solution

Reserve requirement = 15% or 0.15

Calculate the simple money multiplier -

Simple money multiplier = 1/Reserve requirement = 1/0.15 = 6.67

Money supply = Total reserves * Simple money multiplier = $100 * 6.67 = $667

Reserve requirement = 10% or 0.10

Calculate the simple money multiplier -

Simple money multiplier = 1/Reserve requirement = 1/0.10 = 10

Money supply = Total reserves * Simple money multiplier = $100 * 10 = $1,000

Following is the complete table -

Reserve Requirement Simple Money Multiplier Money Supply
15 6.67 667
10 10 1000

A lower reserve requirement is associated with a larger money supply.

When reserve requirement is 10%, the simple money multiplier is 10.

When Fed wants to increase the money supply, it undertakes open market purchase of government bonds.

Amount of bonds purchased = Desired increase in money supply/Simple money multiplier = $100/10 = $10

Thus,

If the reserve requierment is 10%, the Fed will use open-market operations to buy $10 worth of U.S. government bonds.

Now, reserve requirement increases to 20%

New simple money multiplier = 1/new reserve requirement = 1/0.20 = 5

Amount of bonds purchased = Desired increase in money supply/Simple money multiplier = $100/5 = $20

Thus,

This increase in the reserve ratio causes the money multiplier to fall to 5.

Under these conditions, the Fed would need to buy $20 worth of U.S. government bonds in order to increase the money supply by $100.

In the real world, the Fed can not precisely control the money supply because of the following reasons -

1. The Fed cannot control whether and to what extent banks hold excess reserves.

2. The Fed cannot control the amount of money that households choose to hold as currency.

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