Hailed by the African Union (AU) as the 'new frontier of African Renaissance,' the blue economy and its potential as an economic resource is gaining prominence across the continent

Hailed by the African Union (AU) as the 'new frontier of African Renaissance,' the blue economy and its potential as an economic resource is gaining prominence across the continent. Africa stands to reap maximum benefits from utilising its seas, oceans and their resources for sustainable economic development. South Africa has developed the Oceans Economy initiative under Operation Phakisa (OP). This has, as its primary objective, inclusive economic growth. The Operation Phakisa Ocean Economy initiatives are:

1. Marine transport and manufacturing activities

2. Offshore oil and gas exploration

3. Aquaculture

4. Marine protection service and ocean governance

5. Small harbours

6. Marine and coastal tourism Evaluate the success of the Operation Phakisa initiatives to date and make your recommendations for the way forward."module is shipping and maritime. 100 marks