Marketing Final   the impact on consumers' perceptions of products and/or brands that results from where the products are manufactured a written guarantee that assures that the buyer is getting what he paid for or that provides recourse in case a product's performance falls short of expectation Offers a product virtually unchanged in markets outside the home country

1. Country-of-origin effect

the impact on consumers' perceptions of products and/or brands that results from where the products are manufactured

2. express Warranty

a written guarantee that assures that the buyer is getting what he paid for or that provides recourse in case a product's performance falls short of expectation

3. Extension Strategy

Offers a product virtually unchanged in markets outside the home country.

4. adaptation strategy

changing elements of design, function, or packaging in response to needs or conditions in a particular market.

5. Product Invention

Companies can invent totally new products designed to satisfy common needs across countries

6. Product-communication extension

to extend, without change, the basic home-market communications strategy while adapting the product to local use or preference conditions.

7. Product extension-communication adaptation

a product or brand can be successfully extended to multiple country markets with some modifications of the communication strategy;
is its relatively low cost of implementation.

8. Product transformation

When a product that has been introduced into multiple country markets via a product extension-communication adaptation strategy serves a different function or use than originally intended.

9. Product Adaptation-communication extension

is to adapt the product to local use or preference conditions while extending, without minimal change, the basic home-market communication strategy or brand name.

10. Product-communication adaptation

Both the product and , both the product and one or more promotional elements are adapted for a particular country or region.