community of the faithful within Islam; transcended old tribal boundaries to create degree of politial unity political and religious successor OF Muhammed political and theological divisionn within Islam; supported the Umayyads followeres of Ali; plitical and theologial division within Islam Synan city that was capital of Umayyad caliphate capital of Abbasid dynasty; located in Iraq near ancient Perisan Capital of Ctesiphon non-Arabi converst to Islam Chief administrative official under the Abassid caliphate; intially recruited from Persian provinces of empire  

1. Umma

community of the faithful within Islam; transcended old tribal boundaries to create degree of politial unity

2. Caliph

political and religious successor OF Muhammed

3. Sunnis

political and theological divisionn within Islam; supported the Umayyads

4. Shi'a

followeres of Ali; plitical and theologial division within Islam

5. Damascus

Synan city that was capital of Umayyad caliphate

6. Baghdad

capital of Abbasid dynasty; located in Iraq near ancient Perisan Capital of Ctesiphon

7. Mawali

non-Arabi converst to Islam

8. Wazir

Chief administrative official under the Abassid caliphate; intially recruited from Persian provinces of empire