tendency of people to believe the world is fair that people therefore get what they deserve and deserve what they get Karmic attitude toward the world Application 1: Buddhism Application 2: Newton's law any physical or verbal behavior intended to hurt or destroy Behavior intended for harm Application 1: someone that fights often Application 2: a murderer aggression principle: principle that blocking of an attempt to achieve some goal- creates anger, which can generate aggression

1. just-world phenomenon

tendency of people to believe the world is fair that people therefore get what they deserve and deserve what they get
Karmic attitude toward the world
Application 1: Buddhism
Application 2: Newton's law

2. aggression

any physical or verbal behavior intended to hurt or destroy
Behavior intended for harm
Application 1: someone that fights often
Application 2: a murderer

3. frustration

aggression principle: principle that blocking of an attempt to achieve some goal- creates anger, which can generate aggression.
Blocking achievement causes anger-frustration
Application 1: football crowds
Application 2: hockey crowds

4. mere exposure effect

phenomenon that repeated exposure to novel stimuli increases the liking of them
Repeated stimuli exposure increases liking
Application 1: hearing a song frequently
Application 2: food

5. altruism

unselfish regard for the welfare of others
Concern for others
Application 1: firefighters
Application 2: police

6. by stander effect

tendency for any given bystander to be less likely to give aid if other bystanders are present
No aid if others are present
Application 1: robbery
Application 2: a stabbing

7. reciprocity norm

expectation that people will help, not hurt, those who have helped them and that we will like those that like us back.
Reciprocal effects of actions
Application 1: Hari Krishna people
Application 2: birthday gifts

8. social responsibility norm

expectation that people will help those dependent upon them
Aiding those dependent on you
Application 1: children
Application 2: elderly

9. subordinate goals

shared goals that override differences among people and require their cooperation
Differences are overlooked to cooperate
Application 1: overlooking beliefs
Application 2: overlooking race

10. norms

rules within a group indicating how members should or should not behave
Group rules established for behavior
Application 1: school rules
Application 2: workplace rules