tendency to perform better on simple or well-learned tasks in the presence of others Better performance in others' presence Application 1: a person playing sports Application 2: someone performing a concert loss of self-awareness and self-restraint occurring in group situations that foster arousal and anonymity Application 1: cults Application 2: mobs : enhancement of a group's prevailing inclinations through discussion within group- opinions become stronger after discussion in groups Application 1: Republicans Application 2: philosophers : occurs when desire for harmony in a decision-making group overrides a realistic appraisal of alternatives Desire for harmony overrides realism Application 1: Pearl Harbor Application 2: 9/11 unjustifiable negative behavior toward a group or its members Negative behavior toward certain groups Application 1: women Application 2: homosexuals generalized (sometimes accurate but often over generalized beliefs about a group of people Over generalized beliefs Application 1: Race Application 2: gender "us"-people whom one shares a common identity A Common identity is shared Application 1: cliques Application 2: religion tendency to favor one's own group

1. Social facilitation

tendency to perform better on simple or well-learned tasks in the presence of others
Better performance in others' presence
Application 1: a person playing sports
Application 2: someone performing a concert

2. deindividuation

loss of self-awareness and self-restraint occurring in group situations that foster arousal and anonymity
Application 1: cults
Application 2: mobs

3. group polarization

: enhancement of a group's prevailing inclinations through discussion within group- opinions become stronger after discussion in groups
Application 1: Republicans
Application 2: philosophers

4. group think

: occurs when desire for harmony in a decision-making group overrides a realistic appraisal of alternatives
Desire for harmony overrides realism
Application 1: Pearl Harbor
Application 2: 9/11

5. discrimination

unjustifiable negative behavior toward a group or its members
Negative behavior toward certain groups
Application 1: women
Application 2: homosexuals

6. stereotype

generalized (sometimes accurate but often over generalized beliefs about a group of people
Over generalized beliefs
Application 1: Race
Application 2: gender

7. ingroup

"us"-people whom one shares a common identity
A Common identity is shared
Application 1: cliques
Application 2: religion

8. ingroup bias

tendency to favor one's own group.
Favoritism toward one's own group
Application 1: sports
Application 2: family

9. outgroup

tendency to favor one's own group.
Favoritism toward one's own group
Application 1: sports
Application 2: family

10. scapegoat theory

theory that prejudice offers and outlet for anger by providing someone to blame
Blaming someone else
Application 1: holocaust
Application 2: children