Nipple stimulation leads to the release of oxytocin from the pituitary gland

1. Lactation

Nipple stimulation leads to the release of oxytocin from the pituitary gland. This stimulates the release of prolactin from the pituitary gland, which causes the production of milk.

2. Letdown Reflex

This is the release of milk by contraction of the alveoli of the breast. Prolactin stimulates the production of milk, oxytocin stimulates injection.

3. Colostrum

This is the first milk secreted, which is rich in protein and immunoglobulins.

4. Primary Engorgement

This occurs on the 2nd or 3rd day, as the supply of blood and lymph in the breast is increased and transitional milk is produced.

5. Mature Milk

This is produced after 2 weeks and appears watery and slightly bluish in color, similar to skim milk consistency.

6. Cardiovascular Changes

These changes occur as a decrease in total blood volume due to loss of plasma volume, and an increase in h&h. This returns to pre-pregnant state within 3-4 weeks.

7. Through Diuresis

The increase of blood volume during pregnancy is eliminated primarily this way.

8. Normal Vaginal: 300-400cc
   Cesarian Section: 800cc

These are the normal blood loss values for a normal vaginal delivery and a C-section delivery.

9. Physiological Edema

The return of excessive fluid into the intravascular system and extra secretion of the extra vascular system results in this.

10. WBC (from 12,000 to 20,000/25,000)
    ESR

These lab values are elevated 10-12 days postpartum period.