What is the effect of the phosphodiesterases on bronchial tissue? What is the process of parasympathetic innervation on bronchial tissue? What part of the brain controls the CNS respiratory rhythm? What CNS depressant drugs can cause respiratory depression? Where are chemosensors located and what do they do? What indicators cause an increase in the respiration rate and depth? What does the reverse create? What outside the nervous system can create a change in respiration? When does oxygen have a great effect on breathing? What is asthma? What are some triggers of asthma?

1. What is the effect of the phosphodiesterases on bronchial tissue?

Break down theophylline into 5AMP which is converted to adenosine and creates muscle constriction

2. What is the process of parasympathetic innervation on bronchial tissue?

vagus nerve -> ACh -> muscarinic receptor --> activates both phospholipase C and Guanylate Cyclase to create Ca++ and cGMP and muscle constriction

3. What part of the brain controls the CNS respiratory rhythm?

the medulla

4. What CNS depressant drugs can cause respiratory depression?

opiates, barbituates, ethanol, benzodiazepines (esp in combo)

5. Where are chemosensors located and what do they do?

the detect carbon dioxide and blood pH to regulate respiration, by relaying information to the medulla; located in the aorta and carotid arch

6. What indicators cause an increase in the respiration rate and depth? What does the reverse create?

low pH, low bicarbonate, or high CO2; the reverse triggers a decrease

7. What outside the nervous system can create a change in respiration?

altered by fear, pain, stress, BP and body temperature

8. When does oxygen have a great effect on breathing?

when it falls below normal levels the chemoreceptors increase respiration

9. What is asthma?

hyperreactive bronchial passages through the inflammatory response create resistance to air outflow

10. What are some triggers of asthma?

idiopathic, allergies, emotions, infections, exertion and environmental irritants