What antibiotics are used to kill helicobater pylori? How is the vomit reflex initiated? What are the inputs to the emetic center? why is chemotherapy vomit inducing? What are the neurotransmitters involved in vomiting? What is the process of chemotherapy that induces vomiting? what is the prototype emesis preventer? Where/how does ondansteron function? Where are the contraindications for ondansteron? What are the side effects of ODansteron?

1. What antibiotics are used to kill helicobater pylori?

Tritec (combination of bismuth and rantidine) in combination with an antibiotic (clarithyromycin) -- prevents relapse

2. How is the vomit reflex initiated?

activated by signals coming to chemoreceptor trigger zone and coordinated by the medulla oblongata in the brain

3. What are the inputs to the emetic center?

emotional responses from higher CNS, sensory inputs (irritation of GI tract, increased intracranial press, vestibular stimulation), and stimulation of the CTZ

4. why is chemotherapy vomit inducing?

because it stimulates the chemoreceptor trigger zone in the medulla -- neural control for vomiting

5. What are the neurotransmitters involved in vomiting?

Dopamine receptors (GI tract and CTZ), ACh in emetic ccenter, Histamine (H2), and seratonin (5HT3) receptors in the GI tract, CTZ and emetic center

6. What is the process of chemotherapy that induces vomiting?

chemotherapy --> induces cell damage --> there is a release of seratonin from enterchromaffin cells --> activate the sensory neurons which trigger the vomiting center in the medulla and CZT

7. what is the prototype emesis preventer?

Ondansteron seratonin 5H3T antagonist

8. Where/how does ondansteron function?

Blocks the seratonin from binding to sensory receptors in the stomach and the vomit center/CTZ

9. Where are the contraindications for ondansteron?

hepatic impariment,

10. What are the side effects of ODansteron?

may cause parkinson like symptoms and angina/tachycardia