Molecules & Chemical Reactions: Part 1: All drawings must be done by hand and show the expanded structure (all atoms) of the molecules

Molecules & Chemical Reactions: Part 1: All drawings must be done by hand and show the expanded structure (all atoms) of the molecules. All names must follow the naming conventions that we covered in class this semester. Part 2: Fill in the table for the following reactions. All drawings must be done by hand and show the expanded structure (all atoms) of the molecules involved in the reaction that you are describing. All names must follow the naming conventions that we covered in class this semester. All other instructions are to be found in the Files uploaded. The file titled "SCH4U%20-%20Unit%201%20Assignment%20%282%29.pdf - 4228061 bytes." is solely an example.
 

SCH4U - Unit 1 Assignment

Part 1 - Drawing and Naming Molecules All drawings must be done by hand and show the expanded structure (all atoms) of the molecules. All names must follow the naming conventions that we covered in class this semester. Draw and name six molecules from the organic families that we learned this semester. Each molecule must have: ? A different alkyl group ? A different number of carbons in the base of the molecule ? At least one double or triple bond ? Two phenyl or halogen branches ? An explanation of the naming process Molecule 1 Naming process: 1. The main chain is 4 carbons long, so the prefix will be but. Since this is a ketone, the suffix will be ‘one’ 2. There is a carbonyl group, and it is on the second carbon, so it will be butan-2-one 3. There is a double bond on the third carbon, so it will change to but-3-en-2-one 4. There are halogen branches of chlorine on the third and fourth carbon, so the name will become 3,4-dichloro but-3-en-2-one Molecule 2 Naming process: 1. The main chain is 7 carbons long, so the prefix will be hept. Since this is an aldehyde, the suffix will be ‘al’. 2. There is a carbonyl group, and it is on a terminal carbon so it does not need to be named. 3. There are double bonds on the third and fourth carbon, so the name becomes hept-2,3-dienal 4. There are halogen branches of chlorine on the fifth and sixth carbons, so the name will become 3,4-dibromo hept-2,3-dienal 5. There is a methyl group on the fourth carbon, and when put alphabetically, the name will be 3,4-dibromo 4-methyl hept-2,3-dienal Molecule 3 Naming process: 1. There are 3 carbons in the main chain, so the prefix is prop. 2. There is an OH group, which means it is an alcohol and the suffix will be ‘ol’ 3. Since there is a double bond in the molecule, we will use ‘en’. The name becomes propanol 4. Since the OH group is on the first carbon, the name will be propan-1-ol 5. Since the double bond is on the first carbon, the name will become prop-1-en-1-ol 6. There are also two phenyl branches, on the second and third carbons. Therefore, the name of the molecule is 2,3-diphenyl prop-1-en-1-ol Molecule 4 Naming process: 1. It has 5 carbons in the main chain, and it is a carboxylic acid, so the name will be pentanoic acid 2. There are double bonds on the second and fourth carbon, so it will be pent-2, 4-dienoic acid 3. There are two phenyl branches on the 5th carbon, so it will be 5,5-diphenyl pent-2, 4-dienoic acid 4. There is a methyl group on the 3rd carbon, and when put alphabetically, the name will be 3-methyl 5,5-diphenyl pent-2,4-dienoic acid Molecule 5 Naming process: 1. There are 6 carbons in the main chain, so the prefix will be hex 2. Since it is an amine and the nitrogen is on the first carbon, the name will be hexane-1-amine 3. Since there is a double bond on the second carbon, it will become hex-2-en-1-amine 4. Since there are halogen branches of bromine on the Nitrogen and the first carbon, the name will become N,1-dibromo hex-2-en-1-amine 5. There is also a methyl group on the nitrogen, and when put alphabetically, the name will be N,1-dibromo N-methyl hex-2-en-1-amine Molecule 6 Naming process: 1. There are 8 carbons in the main chain, so the prefix is oct. 2. Since this is an ester, the suffix is ‘oate’. Therefore, the name becomes octanoate 3. Since there are double bonds on the second and fourth carbons, the name becomes oct-2,4-dienoate 4. Since the branch on the other side of the oxygen bridge is a 2-carbon chain, it is ethyl. Therefore, the name becomes ethyl oct-2,4-dienoate 5. There are halogen branches of fluorine on carbons 6 and 8, so the name of the molecule will be ethyl 6,8-difluoro oct-2,4-dienoate Part 2 - Chemical Reactions Fill in the table for the following reactions. All drawings must be done by hand and show the expanded structure (all atoms) of the molecules involved in the reaction that you are describing. All names must follow the naming conventions that we covered in class this semester. 1. Addition of an acid reaction. The organic molecule must be an alcohol with one double bond between two of its carbon atoms. It must also have a phenyl group and two halogen branches. The reaction must show that you have an understanding of Markovnikov's rule. The acid must be HBr. General Description of the Reaction: Addition reactions are synthesis reactions, in which two reactants combine to form one product. They involve the breaking of a double bond. They are also known as synthesis reactions (A+B = C). Markovnikov’s rule states that if an acid is added to an asymmetrical alkene, the hydrogen ion will attach itself to the carbon that already has the most hydrogens (the carbon must be from the broken double bond). Therefore, the halogen will attach to the carbon with the least hydrogens, from the double bond. Complete Reaction with Names: Prop-1-ene + HBr → 2-bromo propane Complete Reaction with Drawings of the Molecules (Insert Image Here): 2. Polymerisation reaction. The organic molecule must be an alcohol with one double bond between two of its carbon atoms. It must also have a methyl group and a halogen branch. General Description of the Reaction: A polymer is a large molecule with repeating subunits, and a polymerization reaction occurs when molecules join together to form a polymer. It is generally shown in a series of 2 different reactions, and water is always a product of both reactions. There are 2 products and 2 reactants for both products. Polymerization is commonly seen in biology. Complete Reaction with Names: 2-bromo 3-methyl prop-2-en-1-ol + 2-bromo 3-methyl prop-2-en-1-ol → 2,5-dibromo 3,6-dimethyl hex-2,5-dien-1-ol + H2O 2,5-dibromo 3,6-dimethyl hex-2,5-dien-1-ol + 2-bromo 3-methyl prop-2-en-1-ol → 2,5,8-tribromo 3,6,9-trimethyl non-2,5,8-trien-1-ol + H2O Complete Reaction with Drawings of the Molecules (Insert Image(s) Here): Reaction 1: Reaction 2: 3. Esterification reaction. The alcohol must be four carbons in length and have the hydroxyl group on the second carbon. The carboxylic acid must have a triple bond between two of its carbons and have an isopropyl branch. It should also have two methyl groups and a phenyl branch. General Description of the Reaction: An exterification reaction occurs when a carboxylic acid and an alcohol are mixed to produce an ester and water. Is the opposite of a hydrolysis reaction. It is also a form of a condensation reaction (2 molecules are joined together and water is removed). Complete Reaction with Names: 3,5-dimethyl 8-phenyl 2-isopropyl oct-6-ynoic acid + 2-butanol → sec-butyl 3,5-dimethyl 8-phenyl 2-isopropyl oct-6-ynoate + H2O Complete Reaction with Drawings of the Molecules (Insert Image Here): 4. Substitution reaction. The organic molecule must be a ketone with multiple double bonds between carbon atoms. It must be at least six carbons in length and have at least one propyl branch. The reaction must produce HCl. General Description of the Reaction: It involves substituting atoms between two reactants, and is similar to a double displacement reaction (AB+CD = AD+CB). Complete Reaction with Names: 5-npropyl oct-1,4,6-trien-3-one + Cl2 → 8-chloro 5-npropyl oct-1,4,6-trien-3-one + HCl Complete Reaction with Drawings of the Molecules (Insert Image Here): 5. Elimination reaction. You can make the criteria for the molecules in this reaction. Show your creativity in the organic molecules that you select here. Try to include different naming aspects that we learned in this unit. General Description of the Reaction: An elimination reaction involves removing atoms from a molecule, thus resulting in a double-bond being formed. It is a type of decomposition reaction ( AB = A+B), and is the reverse of an addition reaction. Complete Reaction with Names: 2-chloro 4-methyl 6-phenyl 8-iodo nonyl → 4-methyl 6-phenyl 8-iodo non-1-ene + HCl Complete Reaction with Drawings of the Molecules (Insert Image Here):