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Question 1 Which view holds that all living things have moral worth? Question 1 options: anthropocentrism biocentrism environmentalism

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Question 1

Which view holds that all living things have moral worth?

Question 1 options:

	anthropocentrism
	biocentrism
	environmentalism.
	cornucopianism

Question 2

Which of the following is not a Secondary Precept for Aquinas?

Question 2 options:

	Go 35 in a school zone.
	Do not commit negligent manslaughter.
	Live in a society.
	Avoid littering.

Question 3

The argument that abortion is wrong because it is murder commits which fallacy?

Question 3 options:

	Not providing any evidence
	Hasty generalization
	Begging the question
	Arguing from ignorance

Question 4

Second Wave feminists directed their efforts toward issues like domestic and sexual violence, reproductive rights, equal pay in the workplace, and paid maternity leave.

Question 4 options:

	True
	False

Question 5

For Aristotle, no one is truly virtuous until they

Question 5 options:

	make virtue a habit.
	acquire practical wisdom.
	develop all of their talents.
	become socially witty as well as morally just.

Question 6

Feminist ethics provides the recognition that

Question 6 options:

	Aristotle did a disservice to ethics by focusing so much on character.
	one cannot have caring without first having justice.
	the traditional study of ethics was performed from a default male perspective.
	adding a female perspective to ethics can solve the grounding problem of morality.

Question 7

Lex talonis is the doctrine that

Question 7 options:

	the morally correct action is the one in accordance with duty.
	the state should stop wrong-doers by neutralizing them with imprisonment or execution.
	the state can stop violent cycles by inflicting harm that is proportional.
	one cannot be tried for murder unless the state is in possession of a body.

Question 8

To follow Aristotle's Golden Mean, live a life wherein you almost always take the middle ground and you never take sides when it comes to moral issues.

Question 8 options:

	True
	False

Question 9

Kant's universalization test is asking whether universalizing a moral rule would lead to the best consequences for all considered.

Question 9 options:

	True
	False

Question 10

"Greenhouse gasses" are called that because

Question 10 options:

	their chemical composition gives them a green color.
	they warm the earth as if it were a greenhouse.
	producers of the gasses have made lots of "green," or money.
	they remind people to be "green," or environmentally friendly.

Question 11

Feminisms holds that women are superior to men.

Question 11 options:

	1) True
	2) False

Question 12

An essential property is

Question 12 options:

	something you can take away from a being or object to reduce its function.
	something that a being or object gains when it becomes a person.
	something you can add to a being or object to increase its function.
	something that a being or object has whenever it exists.

Question 13

The Greek term telos refers to:

Question 13 options:

	those particular dispositions that are appropriately related to the situation and, to link back to our function, encourage actions that are in accordance with reason.
	a life of flourishing or happiness.
	a purpose, goal, end or true final function of an object.
	a vice or deficiency of virtue.

Question 14

For Immanuel Kant, slavery is always and categorically wrong.

Question 14 options:

	True
	False

Question 15

Which of the following is a formidable philosophical argument about abortion?

Question 15 options:

	Abortion is wrong because it takes away a fetus' valuable future.
	Abortion is wrong because it is always wrong to kill a human being.
	Abortion is wrong because how would you like it if your mother had aborted you?
	Abortion is wrong because it stops a beating heart.

Question 16

For Aristotle, eudaimonia refers to

Question 16 options:

	the purpose of goal of a person or object.
	the state that we achieve if we live a good life.
	all agent-centered moral theories.
	a virtuous disposition achieved by the Golden Mean.

Question 17

Kimberlé Crenshaw was instrumental in developing Care Ethics, a feminist ethical viewpoint.

Question 17 options:

	True
	False

Question 18

A major criticism of virtue ethics is that

Question 18 options:

	it is circular.
	it is unclear in its guidance.
	it doesn't indicate what to do when virtues conflict.
	all of the above.

Question 19

Aristotle's virtue ethics is an agent-centered moral theory because it

Question 19 options:

	prioritizes doing one's duty regardless of the situation or its consequences.
	prioritizes becoming a good person rather than prioritizing a way to determine if actions are good or not.
	values the respect and dignity of individuals as agents.
	prioritizes a way to determine if actions are good or not rather than prioritizing a way to become a good person.

Question 20

The most useful definition of abortion according to our reading is

Question 20 options:

	An abortion is the murder of an unborn baby or child.
	An abortion is the intentional termination of a fetus to end a pregnancy.
	An abortion is the intentional killing of a fetus to end a pregnancy.
	An abortion is an act that is morally neutral.

Question 21

Which of the following philosophers is considered a feminist?

Question 21 options:

	Thomas Aquinas
	Immanuel Kant
	John Stuart Mill
	Aristotle

Question 22

When Immanuel Kant says, "act only in accordance with that maxim through which you can at the same time will that it become a universal law without contradiction," he means

Question 22 options:

	only do those things that you can do while behaving morally.
	only do those things that you would will everyone do as a universal moral law.
	only do those things that create a universal rule that would cause you to contradict your own behavior.
	all of your behavior should cause others to universally emulate you in a moral sense.

Question 23

Aristotle's answer to the grounding problem of morality is that

Question 23 options:

	we should be moral because doing so will cause us to do our duty.
	we should be moral because doing so is in accord with God's Natural Law.
	We should be moral because it will bring about the best consequences for the most people.
	we should be moral because it will lead to a life of happiness and flourishing.

Question 24

According to Aristotle, an action is voluntary unless it is caused or affected by:

Question 24 options:

	force or ignorance.
	eudaimonia.
	virtue.
	unclear guidance.

Question 25

"Begging the question" is committed when an argument

Question 25 options:

	assumes what it is trying to prove.
	jumps to a conclusion without enough evidence.
	claims that what we don't know is evidence of something.
	brings up question in a rapid-fire way so that they can't be answered.

Question 26

To develop the virtues of Aristotle, you must

Question 26 options:

	practice them until they become part of your character.
	use reason in every individual situation to determine what the morally right action is.
	seek a life of hedonism as a guide to morality.
	study his Nicomachean Ethics.

Question 27

Which of the following behaviors is an example of using someone only as a means?

Question 27 options:

	Watching a show wherein actors act silly or humiliate themselves to make you laugh.
	Buying something from a store clerk.
	Respecting someone as a person.
	Tricking someone into giving you money.

Question 28

A union of beings using rationality to act as if they are generating universal laws is known as a:

Question 28 options:

	Categorical Imperative.
	kingdom of ends.
	Divine Law.
	Golden Mean.

Question 29

Thomas Aquinas is a teleologist, meaning:

Question 29 options:

	he believes that consequence are the guidelines for determining if actions are moral.
	he believes legal duties can never take precedence over moral duties.
	he believes every object has a purpose or goal towards which it strives.
	he believes the moral duty would sanction any method whatsoever of saving human life.

Question 30

A serious criticism of Kant's theory is that:

Question 30 options:

	his theory relies too much on utilitarianism.
	his theory is not rigid enough.
	doing what is good out of duty is barren, virtuously and emotionally.
	doing what is good based on consequences is too close to utilitarianism.

Question 31

Virtue ethics puts primary emphasis on being a good person and living a good life, whereas duty-based moral systems:

Question 31 options:

	emphasize a life of happiness and flourishing.
	emphasize happiness through considering the consequences of our actions.
	pay much less attention to following rules of conduct.
	pay much less attention to virtuous character and living a good life.

Question 32

All of the following are primary precepts except:

Question 32 options:

	Protect and preserve human life.
	Know and worship God.
	Do not act unless you would will that others could act the same.
	Reproduce and educate one's offspring.

Question 33

Relational theory says that:

Question 33 options:

	no person is an island unto themselves; everyone is socially embedded and defined by class and race factors.
	some people are inherently more worthy than others.
	men and women deserve equal rights.
	unless there is a morally relevant difference between people, we should treat them on a case-by-case basis.

Question 34

The second formulation of the Categorical Imperative is also known as:

Question 34 options:

	the utility principle.
	the means-end principle.
	Natural Law Theory.
	the kingdom of ends.

Question 35

The means-ends principle is the rule that one must

Question 35 options:

	always treat people as ends in themselves, never merely as a means.
	always behave toward people to maximize their happiness.
	never treat people as a means.
	treat people according to their wishes.

Question 36

Which of the following maxims could be generated by the Categorical Imperative?

Question 36 options:

	Do not murder.
	Always help those in need.
	It is permissible to lie when it could save a life.
	Pulling a lever that would kill 1 person to save 5 is morally permissible.

Question 37

Generally, in virtue ethics, moral obligations are derived from

Question 37 options:

	theories.
	rules.
	virtues.
	principles.

Question 38

For Aristotle, virtues needs to:

Question 38 options:

	become habitual actions.
	become a process of considering consequences.
	be taken into account by the theory of evolution.
	become a duty.

Question 39

The "Golden Mean" is Aristotle's notion of:

Question 39 options:

	virtue as a balance between two behavioral extremes.
	excellence in philosophy.
	flourishing in the arts.
	the perfect human.

Question 40

The ethics of care is a reminder that caring is:

Question 40 options:


	not as important as the consequences of actions.

	a critical part of Kantian ethics.

	a vital and inescapable part of the moral life.

	an important element in Aristotle's virtue ethics.

Question 41

A categorical imperative tells us:

Question 41 options:


	what to do if we have certain desires.

	that we should always perform our imperfect duties.

	that we should do something in all situations regardless of our wants and needs.

	what our hypothetical duties are.

Question 42

In Kant's theory, the rights and duties of persons override

Question 42 options:

	the moral law.
	the means-ends principle.
	consequentialist concerns.
	absolutist principles.

Question 43

A theory of morality that makes virtue the central concern is known as:

Question 43 options:


	virtue consequentialism.

	virtue command theory.

	virtue ethics.

	teleological ethics.

Question 44

For Immanuel Kant, we must always treat human beings as:

Question 44 options:

	with only the amount of respect their actions show they deserve.
	as means in themselves.
	as God's creatures.
	ends in themselves.

Question 45

A cornucopian might make which statement?

Question 45 options:

	"We shouldn't worry about global warming, because what happens on planet earth must inherently be in accord with God's Natural Law."
	"We shouldn't worry about global warming, because once oil runs out, we will have no choice but to regress to a state that requires a warmer planet."
	"We shouldn't worry about global warming, because economic innovation will come up with a technological solution to it."
	"We should worry about global warming, because all living organisms have equal moral value."

Question 46

For Immanuel Kant, a hypothetical imperative is

Question 46 options:

	something you should not do because it contradicts your moral duty.
	something you need to do regardless of the exigencies of the situation.
	something you would will to become a universal law.
	something you need to do if you want something else to occur.

Question 47

Courage is the Golden Mean between

Question 47 options:

	cowardice and envy.
	rashness and recklessness.
	spitefulness and envy.
	cowardice and rashness.

Question 48

If a cornucopian became an environmentalist, they would probably be a

Question 48 options:

	ecocentric environmentalist.
	medium green environmentalist.
	dark green environmentalist.
	light green environmentalist.

Question 49

A moral exemplar is:

Question 49 options:

	a person who has studied the works of Aristotle and Aquinas.
	a person we can emulate in order to become virtuous.
	a religious person who follows the Natural Law.
	a law or maxim established by our actions.

Question 50

In the abortion debate, "innocence" is a term that properly describes a being that

Question 50 options:

	has had some world experience.
	was tried and found "not guilty."
	can choose to do wrong but has chosen not to.
	does wrong occasionally but feels guilty afterwards.

Question 1 Which view holds that all living things have moral worth? Question 1 options: anthropocentrism biocentrism environmentalism

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