A) Define intake and output

A) Define intake and output. B. Identify the reasons for measurement of intake and output. C. Identify substances used for intake and output. 1.Discuss pertinent components of assessment of intake and output (fluid balance). 2. Identify the three (3) tasks can a nurse initiate without a physician's order? D. Discuss factors impacting intake and output. a. Fluid restriction 1. When is a fluid restriction ordered? E. Identify organ systems impacting fluid gains and losses and provide examples of conditions. a. Cardiac b. Renal c. Hepatic F. Describe additional contributors to fluid gains or losses. G. Recordkeeping a. List pertinent information included in intake and output records. b. Provide examples of forms utilized for record keeping of intake and output. H. Laboratory Values a. Identify labs related to fluid balance and discuss the significance of each lab. b. Compare and contrast elevated or decreased value ranges based on fluid volume excess or deficit. 1. BUN 2. Urine specific gravity 3. Hematocrit 4. Hemoglobin