There are two different questions; please keep answers and references separate

There are two different questions; please keep answers and references separate. They may be in one word doc however each reference must be at the end of each answer. 

Economies of Scacle

Discuss whether economies of scale have any relevance to such companies as Wal-Mart.

Venture Capitalists

In the hope of high returns, venture capitalists provide funds to finance new (start up) companies. However, potential competitors and structures of the market into which the new firm enters are extremely important in realization of profits. Among different market structures, which one do you believe provides the highest possible return for a new company and why?