stem cells with potential to develop into many (but limited) types of differentiated cells (ex

1. Multipotent

stem cells with potential to develop into many (but limited) types of differentiated cells (ex. adult stem cells - epidermal, blood)
are very difficult to identify and find and activity is decreased with old age

2. Embryonic Stem Cell

an undifferentiated cell, taken from an embryo (the inner cell mass of the blastocyst), that has the potential to give rise to various other cell or tissue types

3. Pluripotent

stem cells with the potential to differentiate into most any type of cell

4. Diseases potentially cured by stem cells

Parkinson's - caused by loss of nerve cells (could replace)
type I Diabetes - caused by loss of beta cells of the pancreas due to an overactive immune system (could maybe keep replenishing)

5. Reproductive Cloning

the process of implanting a nucleus from a normal cell into an egg cell with no nucleus (all from same organism) and letting the embryo gestate and grow to be an genetically identical copy of parent

6. Therapeutic Cloning

the process of implanting a nucleus from a patient's normal cell into their own egg cell with no nucleus and taking the stem cells from the resulting embryo to use for disease treatment

7. Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

skin cells transformed into embryonic stem cells by using retroviruses to introduce extra cloned copies of four stem cell master regulatory genes

8. CopII Vesicles

vesicles that transport specific proteins from the ER to the golgi

9. sec24

a coat protein on CopII vesicles that determines whether certain proteins leave the ER (like vang12)

10. Vang12

a gene that controls neural tube defects like spina bifida

11. SREBP

a protein that sets off the pathway for producing cholesterol, stored in ER when not needed