molecules that bind to adaptins to form a coat (coat can be made up of other molecules too) constricts membrane to pinch off a vesicle (uses GTP hydrolysis) 1

1. Clathrin

molecules that bind to adaptins to form a coat (coat can be made up of other molecules too)

2. Dynamin

constricts membrane to pinch off a vesicle (uses GTP hydrolysis)

3. How vesicles get to destination once naked

1. the protein Rab on the vesicle pairs with tethering proteins on the target membrane to bring the two together
2. v-SNARE on vesicle interacts with t-SNARE on target membrane and pull together so membranes fuse

4. Exocytosis

process by which a substance is released from the cell through a vesicle that transports the substance to the cell surface and then fuses with the membrane to let the substance out

5. Endocytosis

process by which a cell takes material into the cell by infolding of the cell membrane

6. Pinocytosis

taking in small substances (drinking)

7. Phagocytosis

engulfing larger molecules like proteins or whole bacteria (eating)

8. Pseudopods

"false foot" or temporary bulge of cytoplasm used sometimes for phagocytosis

9. Receptor-mediated Endocytosis

a receptor specific to a certain protein or molecule picks it up the gets coated and goes through endocytosis, then fuses with the endosome and the cargo will get delivered somewhere (ex. lysosome) and receptor buds off into a transport vesicle to go back to plasma membrane
(this is used to remove LDL, the bad type of cholesterol, from the blood stream)

10. Signal Transduction

converting one type of signal to another
1. primary messenger bids to receptor (which is specific)
2. signal transduction transfers message to inside the cell
3. get a response!