when a phosphate group is transferred from an organic molecule to ADP using an enzyme (how glycolysis produces ATP) the process by which cells break down molecules (less efficiently) to release energy (2 ATPs) without using oxygen, either by also producing lactic acid or ethanol a chemical cycle involving eight steps that completes the metabolic breakdown of glucose by oxidizing acetyl CoA (derived from pyruvate) to carbon dioxide; occurs within the mitochondria net gain (of two cycles or one glucose): 2 ATP, 6 NADH, 2 FADH2, 4 CO2 proved by Hans Krebs in experiments using and malonate block and seeing which steps still are completed the last step in cellular respiration that happens in the mitochondria membrane and includes the electron transport chain and chemiosmosis a series of molecules, found in the inner membranes of mitochondria and chloroplasts, through which electrons pass in a process that causes protons to build up on one side of the membrane, the leftover electrons combine with O2 to make water (WHY WE NEED OXYGEN TO DO THIS) NADH and FADH2 give their electrons to the electron transport chain which flow through 3 complexes aided by metal ions of chemical groups to aid passage, the electron carrier's energy decreases as it flows through the flow of electrons through the 3 complexes releases energy that lets the complexes pump H+ ions across the membrane (creating a gradient) the H+ ions in the inter membrane space now flow back into the mitochondrial matrix through the ATP synthase powering it to turn ADP into ATP (every 3 protons create 1 ATP) a weight loss drug that allows H+ ions to leak through the inner mitochondrial membrane so no strong gradient is formed and less ATP is made, the body begins to burn fat to get ATP (dangerous because body temperature will increase drastically and cell respiration should not be messed with)

1. Substrate Level Phosphorylation

when a phosphate group is transferred from an organic molecule to ADP using an enzyme (how glycolysis produces ATP)

2. Fermentation

the process by which cells break down molecules (less efficiently) to release energy (2 ATPs) without using oxygen, either by also producing lactic acid or ethanol

3. Citric Acid Cycle

a chemical cycle involving eight steps that completes the metabolic breakdown of glucose by oxidizing acetyl CoA (derived from pyruvate) to carbon dioxide; occurs within the mitochondria
net gain (of two cycles or one glucose): 2 ATP, 6 NADH, 2 FADH2, 4 CO2

4. Cyclical nature of Citric Acid Cycle

proved by Hans Krebs in experiments using and malonate block and seeing which steps still are completed

5. Oxidative Phosphorylation

the last step in cellular respiration that happens in the mitochondria membrane and includes the electron transport chain and chemiosmosis

6. Electron Transport Chain

a series of molecules, found in the inner membranes of mitochondria and chloroplasts, through which electrons pass in a process that causes protons to build up on one side of the membrane, the leftover electrons combine with O2 to make water (WHY WE NEED OXYGEN TO DO THIS)

7. Electron Flow

NADH and FADH2 give their electrons to the electron transport chain which flow through 3 complexes aided by metal ions of chemical groups to aid passage, the electron carrier's energy decreases as it flows through

8. H+ pumping

the flow of electrons through the 3 complexes releases energy that lets the complexes pump H+ ions across the membrane (creating a gradient)

9. Chemiosmosis

the H+ ions in the inter membrane space now flow back into the mitochondrial matrix through the ATP synthase powering it to turn ADP into ATP (every 3 protons create 1 ATP)

10. DNP (dinirophenol)

a weight loss drug that allows H+ ions to leak through the inner mitochondrial membrane so no strong gradient is formed and less ATP is made, the body begins to burn fat to get ATP (dangerous because body temperature will increase drastically and cell respiration should not be messed with)