Homework answers / question archive / Use this link and click on the continuous data (You can use this link to enter data and answer the questions) https://www

Use this link and click on the continuous data (You can use this link to enter data and answer the questions) https://www

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Use this link and click on the continuous data (You can use this link to enter data and answer the questions)

https://www.graphpad.com/quickcalcs/

1. Download the Halo Effect file.
2. Read about the Halo Effect.
3. Complete Short Answers section (400 - 500 words total).
4. You may calculate your statistics by hand or use a statistical program (e.g., SPSS, Excel).
5. Upload your typed answers by the due date.

The Halo Effect1 Background The ‘halo effect’ is a classic finding in social psychology. It is the idea that global evaluations about a person (e.g. she is likeable) bleed over into judgments about their specific traits (e.g. she is intelligent). Hollywood stars demonstrate the halo effect perfectly. Because they are often attractive and likeable we naturally assume they are also intelligent, friendly, display good judgment and so on. That is, until we come across (sometimes plentiful) evidence to the contrary. In the same way politicians use the ‘halo effect’ to their advantage by trying to appear warm and friendly, while saying little of any substance. People tend to believe their policies are good, because the person appears good. It’s that simple. But you would think we could pick up these sorts of mistaken judgments by simply introspecting and, in a manner of speaking, retrace our thought processes back to the original mistake. In the 1970s, well???known social psychologist Richard Nisbett set out to demonstrate how little access we actually have to our thought processes in general and to the halo effect in particular. The Experiment Nisbett and Wilson wanted to examine the way student participants made judgments about a lecturer (Nisbett & Wilson, 1977). Students were told the research was investigating teacher evaluations. Specifically, they were told, the experimenters were interested in whether judgments varied depending on the type of exposure students had to a particular lecturer. This was a total lie. In fact the students had been divided into two groups who were going to watch two different videos of the same lecturer, who happened to have a strong Belgian accent (this is relevant!). One group watched the lecturer answer a series of questions in an extremely warm and friendly manner. The second group saw exactly the same person answer exactly the questions in a cold and distant manner. Experimenters made sure it was obvious which of the lecturer’s alter?egos was more likeable. In one he appeared to like teaching and students, and in the other he came across as a much more authoritarian figure who didn't like teaching at all. After each group of students watched the videos they were asked to rate the lecturer on physical appearance, mannerisms and even his accent (mannerisms were kept the same across both videos). 1 The text for this description comes from “The Halo Effect: When Your Own Mind is a Mystery” downloaded from PsyBlog (http http://www.spring.org.uk/2007/10/halo?effect?when?your?own?mind?is.php) Your Task Below are some fictitious data consistent with the findings of Nisbett and Wilson. For the sake of simplicity, we’ll only analyze the data for “Physical Appearance.” Physical appearance was measured using five traits with each trait rated on a 5?point scale (larger numbers indicate higher ratings of physical attractiveness). Participants’ answers were added together to arrive at a final “physical attractiveness” score that could range from 5 to 25. These data are presented in table 1. Your task is to statistically analyze these data and decide whether or not there is evidence here for the “halo effect.” A series of questions have been provided to help guide your exploration of the data. Table 1. Ratings of Physical Attractiveness Type of Exposure ‘Warm and Friendly Instructor’ ‘Cold and Distant Instructor’ 23 17 17 12 20 9 18 13 23 10 20 15 19 14 24 11 17 15 20 13 Short Answers (total 400 – 500 words) Type your answers. You should include the question number for each answer, but you do not need to include the question itself. 1. In your own words, describe the halo effect and provide a specific example. 2. In this study, what was the independent and dependent variable? 3. What would be the null hypothesis for this analysis? Why do we assume the null hypothesis is true when doing inferential statistics? 4. What is the alternative (or research) hypothesis? 5. Describe the center of each distribution: What is the mean for each group? 6. Describe the variability in each distribution: What is the standard deviation for each group? What does this measure tell us about the dispersion of scores in each group? 7. These data should be analyzed using a t?test, but which one should be used (i.e., one sample t test, t test for independent samples, or t test for related samples) and why? 8. Should you conduct a one? or two?tailed test? Explain your answer. 9. Describe the results of the t test. Were the results statistically significant at p < .05? Explain how you arrived at this decision (i.e., what was the t value you calculated) 10. From all this information, can you conclude that the “halo effect” was present in this study? Was the researchers’ hypothesis supported? Explain your reasoning. Reference Nisbett, R. E., & Wilson, T. D. (1977). The halo effect: Evidence for unconscious alteration of judgments. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 35(4), 250 ? 256. Analysis and Interpretation Project - GraphPad and Visuals I hope everyone had a nice weekend. I know most of you are likely studying for Exam 3, but now is a good time to be working through the Analysis and Interpretation Project. I wanted to let you know there is an easy to use program called GraphPad. This is a free website that does a number of different statistical tests. For the assignment you will need to enter the data and interpret the output. Click the link below: GraphPad QuickCalcs On the website, click on Continuous Data. I will let you figure out how to do the rest from there. Let me know if you have any trouble conducting a t test through the software. If you use this software (or any other statistical tool), please provide a screenshot of your output in the assignment. Feel free to answer each question number/bullet point format. I do not require the assignment to be in a standard essay format. Additionally, you can earn up to 1 - 2 points extra credit if you provide visuals (plots, graphs, etc.).