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Health Science

Mr. Tinsley is a 55-year-old lawyer who has been diagnosed with primary hypertension. The health care provider has informed the patient that lifestyle modifications must be made. He is prescribed captopril (Capoten) 25 mg PO b.i.d and hydrochlorothiazide.

  1. The nurse is providing drug information to Mr. Tinsley when he asks the therapeutic action of ACE inhibitors.
  2. What lifestyle modifications should the nurse instruct Mr. Tinsley to make?
  3. What adverse effects should the nurse monitor in this patient?

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  1. ACE inhibitors are a type of antihypertensive medication. ACE inhibitors prevent the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II. This decreases blood pressure. They can be used alone or in conjunction with other medications.
  2. Mr. Tinsley should make lifestyle modifications to try and lower his blood pressure. Some lifestyle changes he can make other than medication are to lose weight if he is overweight or obese, exercise regularly, eat a healthy diet, reduce sodium in his diet, limit his alcohol consumption and quit smoking if he is a smoker, reduce stress, and monitor his blood pressure at home regularly.
  3. Some adverse affects associated with ACE inhibitors are reflex tachycardia, chest pain, angina, heart failure, GI irritation, ulcers, constipation, renal issues, and photosensitivity. Captopril has some more serious adverse effects such as sometimes-fatal pancytopenia, cough, and GI distress. Hydrochlorothiazide is a diuretic that can be used in conjunction with other medications for hypertension. They are usually tolerated well, but can cause an imbalance in electrolytes, fluid levels, and acid-base balance.

 

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