CHAPTER 3 Audiences and Fields of Argument CHECK IN How does the speaker connect w/ the audience? https://www

CHAPTER 3 Audiences and Fields of Argument CHECK IN How does the speaker connect w/ the audience? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TTyiq-JpM-0 AUDIENCE All arguments should consider audience Who is typically in the audience? What are the demographics? FOUNDATIONAL WORKS Perlman & Olbrechts-Tyteca “The New Rhetoric” Toulmin “Uses of Argument” Concerned with how audiences were addressed/persuaded PERLMAN & OLBRECHTS-TYTECA Universal audience Particular audience We should consider when we are constructing/evaluating arguments PERLMAN & OLBRECHTSTYTECA Appeal to universal audience Objective facts – facts that are knowable and uncontested ­ Ex. The sun is hot Obvious truths – generalizations that are commonly shared/understood ­ Ex. parents are worried about their children ­ Ex. you should wash your hand after using the restroom PERLMAN & OLBRECHTS-TYTECA Use presence ­ ­ ­ ­ ­ Presentation style is important Easiest way = repetition Verbal and non-verbal delivery Ex. 7 different sentences PRACTICE: https://www.engvid.com/english-resource/50-tongue-twisters-improve-pronunciation/ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2tN4Zulagb8 DELIVERY Variation of tones Volume Rate of speech Pauses Eye contact Gestures Facial Expressions TOULMIN What is the difference between field dependent and field invariant arguments? Field dependent- Arguments that work in only some fields TOULMIN • Ex. Creationism Field invariant- Arguments that work in all fields • Ex. Smoking is bad for your health CHAPTER 3 Audiences and Fields of Argument CHECK IN How does the speaker connect w/ the audience? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TTyiq-JpM-0 AUDIENCE All arguments should consider audience Who is typically in the audience? What are the demographics? FOUNDATIONAL WORKS Perlman & Olbrechts-Tyteca “The New Rhetoric” Toulmin “Uses of Argument” Concerned with how audiences were addressed/persuaded PERLMAN & OLBRECHTS-TYTECA Universal audience Particular audience We should consider when we are constructing/evaluating arguments PERLMAN & OLBRECHTSTYTECA Appeal to universal audience Objective facts – facts that are knowable and uncontested ­ Ex. The sun is hot Obvious truths – generalizations that are commonly shared/understood ­ Ex. parents are worried about their children ­ Ex. you should wash your hand after using the restroom PERLMAN & OLBRECHTS-TYTECA Use presence ­ ­ ­ ­ ­ Presentation style is important Easiest way = repetition Verbal and non-verbal delivery Ex. 7 different sentences PRACTICE: https://www.engvid.com/english-resource/50-tongue-twisters-improve-pronunciation/ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2tN4Zulagb8 DELIVERY Variation of tones Volume Rate of speech Pauses Eye contact Gestures Facial Expressions TOULMIN What is the difference between field dependent and field invariant arguments? Field dependent- Arguments that work in only some fields TOULMIN • Ex. Creationism Field invariant- Arguments that work in all fields • Ex. Smoking is bad for your health