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An observational study that relates academic performance to class size for all AUS students over the past five years reports that there is no relationship between class size and academic performance: students in large classes do just as well as students in small classes

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An observational study that relates academic performance to class size for all AUS students over the past five years reports that there is no relationship between class size and academic performance: students in large classes do just as well as students in small classes.

1. Why might you be sceptical of this finding (the methods used, rather than the result)?
2. How would you design a study to more robustly test the idea that there is a relationship between class size and academic performance?
3. What ethical concerns might you have in undertaking a study of the type described in part (b)?