In this question, I would like you to discuss the ethical issues surrounding the use of animals in medical research

In this question, I would like you to discuss the ethical issues surrounding the use of animals in medical research.

1-What view about whether animals can feel pain did Rene Descartes hold? 

2-Why, according to Pence, did he hold this view? 

3-What view does Pence tell us the 20^th Century Christian writer C.S. Lewis held?

4- Why did Lewis think animal pain was not morally equal to human pain? 

5-Why did the philosopher Peter Singer reject the views of both Descartes and Lewis? 

6-What, according to Singer, is speciesism? Why does he condemn it? 

7-What view concerning the use of animals in medical research did Singer defend?

8- What does Pence say is the "Official View" concerning the use of animals in research? 

9-What criticisms of this view does he raise?  is it right? Why?