1)The purposes of this descriptive study were to determine: a

1)The purposes of this descriptive study were to determine: a.) Were nursing scientists' research articles in leading nursing journals based on theory? b.) If so, were the theories nursing theories or borrowed theories? c.) Were the theories integrated into the studies, or were they used as organized frameworks? This is an example of Basic Research? True or False

2)Concepts must be defined before starting the research for both qualitative and quantitative research. True or False

3)Conceptual definitions are needed for all variables: independent, dependent, extraneous, demographic and physiologic. True or False

1. A power analysis is needed for all research studies. True or False

5. A nurse educator is conducting research to determine if asking questions utilizing APEA review course questions in her exams has a positive effect on the student's GPA. The independent variable is the number of questions asked. The dependent variable I recorded

GPA. She identified the following extraneous variables: the number of books the students read during the courses of their studies; the number of additional courses completed in the students' portfolio; prior degree attainment, course repeat; and the number of questions the students studied from the APEA question bank. These extraneous variables were threats to internal validity. True or False.

6. Increasing the level of significance from 0.05 to 0.01 would increase the size of the sample needed in a quantitative research study. True or false

7. Adele want to prove that use of nursing educators decreases hospital readmissions for heart failure patients. She should remember research does not prove. True or False