Homework answers / question archive / Introduction Pupblic health improvement initiatives (PHII) provide invaluable data for patient-centered care, but their research is often conducted in a context different from the needs of any individual patient

Introduction Pupblic health improvement initiatives (PHII) provide invaluable data for patient-centered care, but their research is often conducted in a context different from the needs of any individual patient

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Introduction

Pupblic health improvement initiatives (PHII) provide invaluable data for patient-centered care, but their research is often conducted in a context different from the needs of any individual patient . providers must make a conscious effeort to apply their findings to specific patient’s care.

 

Patient profiles

At last week's conference I spoke with Alicia Balewa, Director of Safe Headspace. They're a relatively new nonprofit working on improving outcomes for TBI patients, and I immediately thought of Mr. Nowak. At his last biannual cholesterol screening he mentioned having trouble with his balance. This may be related to his hypertension, but he believes it's related to the time he was hospitalized many years ago after falling out of a tree, and expressed distress that this might be the beginning of a rapid decline.

Ms. Balewa will be on premises next week, and I'd like to set aside some time for you to talk.

 

Interview Alicia Balewa to find out more about a public health improvement initiative that might apply to Mr. Nowak's care.

 

1. I have a patient who might benefit from some of the interventions for TBI and PTSD you recenty studied. What populations did your public health improvement initiative study?

My father came home from Vietnam with a kaleidoscope of mental health problems. That was the 1970s, when treatment options for things like PTSD, TBI, and even depression were very different. Since then there has been a lot of investment in treatment and recovery for combat veterans. That's excellent news for veterans in treatment now, but they're not looking at my dad, and how his TBI and PTSD have affected him through mid–life and now as a senior. That's why I started Safe Headspace: to focus on older patients who are years or decades past their trauma, and find ways to help them.

2. Which treatments showed the strongest improvement

Exercise. We were able to persuade about half of our participants — that's around 400 people, mostly men ages 45–80 — to follow the CDC's recommendations for moderate aerobic exercise. Almost everyone showed improvement in mood, memory, and muscle control after four weeks. After that a lot of participants dropped out, which is disappointing. But of the 75 who stuck with it for another three months, muscle control improved 15%, mood improved 22%, and short–to–medium term memory improved 61%. We didn't specify what kind of exercise, but we did ask them to record what they did every week, so that data is available.

Second was medication and therapy. Most of our participants didn't receive any kind of psychotherapy in the years immediately following their trauma, so we had everyone assessed by a team of psychotherapists. As a result of those assessments, 40% of participants started on anti–depressant medication and 9% started taking anti–psychotics. Those who started taking medications now have regular contact with a therapist to manage that care. With some help at home to stick to the regimen, all but a few have successfully followed their treatment plans. They've reported a 26% improvement in mood over six months, and a 6% improvement in memory.

The third treatment I want to mention is meditation. We only had a small group interested in trying it, but the results were dramatic. We prescribed daily meditation at home, just 10 to 15 minutes, with a weekly hour–long guided group meditation for all 23 participants. After three weeks we lost two to disinterest, but the other 21 showed improvements of over 70% in mood and memory, and 32% in muscle control.

3. Have you tried anything that hasn’t worked?

Sure. There are memory exercises for patients in elderly care, and things like Sudoku and crossword puzzles. We didn't see any gains with those. Some of our participants preferred strength training to aerobic exercise, and the only improvement we saw in that group was in muscle control, but only 4%, which is significantly less than the aerobic group.

I should also say that we were working with a willing group of participants. They knew they needed help, and were motivated to get it. One of the hurdles we see with veterans, especially in older generations, is an unwillingness to acknowledge that they have a problem. We haven't had to wrestle with that because everyone who volunteers to participate wants to be there.

4. Yor organization is intervening with people who have TBI and PTSD simultaneously. We have a patient with moderate TBI suffered almost 40 years ago, but no history of PTSD. Have you separted your population and studied each separately?

We haven't, no. In some cases we could, for those who come in with previous diagnoses and medical records. But we have participants who either weren't diagnosed, were under–diagnosed at the time, or don't have records to show us.

 

Paper instruction

Create a patient-centered care report applying the outcomes of the Population Health Improvement Initiative (PHII). Your report will be based on the scenario presented in the above scenario . even though the scenario was framed within one type of care setting, you can extrapolate the situation into another care setting that is more relevant to you. You will still be able to apply community outcomes data to an individual patient or case.

Be sure that your report addresses all of the bullets below, at minimum. 

· Evaluate the outcomes of a population health improvement initiative.

· Propose strategies for improving the outcomes of the population health improvement plan, or ensuring that all outcomes are being addressed, based on the best available evidence.

· Develop an individualized personal care approach that incorporates lessons learned from a population health improvement initiative.

· Justify the value and relevance of evidence used as the basis for your personal care approach to your patient.

· Propose a framework that could be used to evaluate desired outcomes of your approach to personalized care for your patients and areas that could be applied to similar situations and patients in the future.

· Write content clearly and logically, with the correct use of grammar, punctuation, and spelling.

· Integrate relevant sources to support assertions, correctly formatting citations and references using APA style.