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1) The human rights could be absolute but in actual they are relative in nature and they are completely upheld.
The human rights vary with each country or we could say political system. Europe has been one of the most liberal continent because Western Europe has democratic system and liberal in nature which respects basic human rights.
The freedom of movement, freedom of work within legal limit as well as freedom of expression including the right to vote and choose the government. However, Europe does have issues of sexism or gender inequality which is violation of basic right of women.

The US has more liberal environment than Europe and its democratic as well as core capitalist system which allows greater freedom and lower intervention of the state. However, the US is plagued by racism as well as gender inequality.
The situation in Africa is worst and military as well as other governments have regularly violated human rights.
Asia is also not different as it is yet adapt liberalism and equality.
The most populated country in the world does not allow democratic rights to its citizens while India there is no such thing as equality because the country is divided in religion, language, caste and financial status.

In short, the human rights are not respected because of interest of the people who are in power.

2) The world is divided into rich and poor and the gap is widening. The Marxist theory has predicted that rich will exploit the poor but its alternative suggested by the theory was equally ineffective. The 20% of the richest holds almost 80% of the total wealth and as we move to top the holding rises disproportionately.
A pure market based system and government regulation should actually reduce the income inequality.
However, there is no such thing as purely market based system and so vested interest of corporates which yearn for profit or political leaders skew the market in their favor. This helps those who are already holding wealth or power and so they become further rich and poor witness a decline in their wealth.

Political leaders in Europe support for subsidies to European farmers but they are not competitove enough. However, they can be in the business on the back of subsidies but this hurts African and Asian farmers as they don't have such subsidies and could not get higher price for their proucts. They also can not create surplus for investment in better equipments for farming or newer techniques. The cycle continues and they experience a decline in wealth over the period of time.

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12. True, There's a strong relationship between GDP and life expectancy, suggesting that more money is better. The economists confirm that when a country's economic output its GDP is higher than expected, mortality rates are also higher than expected. As gdp will be higher, then level of income will be more that imply that lliteracy rate will be more.

13. Option (3) is right answer. Because, Real gdp is value of final goods and services produced in a region. Inventories that are produced this year are included in this year's GDP even if they have not yet sold. Business firms hold different types of inventories such as finished goods, raw materials, semi-finished (intermediate) goods (called goods-in-process or work-in-progress).