Florida International University

CLP 4146

CHAPTER 1:

1)Socialization is_______________

1. a means of regulating behavior
2. a way of promoting personal growth
3. a mechanism for perpetuating the social order

d.            all of these are true

2

Analyses of artwork depicting the activities of children in medieval times implies that, to some extent, children were treated as

3

Historical studies tell us that children in Medieval times were

4

The primary function of schooling during the 17th and 18th centuries was to

5

The first published observations (that is, data) on child development were

The phase of life known as adolescence

7

Adolescence has been recognized as a distinct phase of life since

8

A set of concepts and propositions designed to organize, describe, and explain a set of observations is called

9 WWW

The role of a theory in the scientific enterprise is to

10

When choosing between two theories that each explain the same set of observations, the theory that is generally acknowledged to be the more useful

1. contains the largest number of concepts and propositions
2. cannot be falsified by future research
3. both of these

d.            none of these

11. If a theory is useful because it generates new hypotheses that are capable of being disconfirmed, the theory can be described as

12. A good scientific theory is one that is            .

1. parsimonious
2. heuristic
3. falsifiable

d.            all of these

13

Philosopher Thomas Hobbes was a proponent of the doctrine of original sin, a viewpoint which held that children are

14

Proponents of the doctrine of innate purity contend that children are                      who should be given the freedom to follow their natural inclinations.

15

John Locke’s notion that the mind of a newborn is a tabula rasa implies that human infants are

16. Which of the following philosophical perspectives would say that parents should carefully monitor the child’s activities when they socialize him or her?

17

Theorists who contend that children’s behavior reflects “the company they keep” believe that               is the most powerful influence on human development.

18. Today most developmentalists believe that            .

19

Which of the following statements best summarizes the current status of the activity- passivity debate?

20 Jamal argues that it is ultimately a failure of parents to monitor their offspring which causes children to become delinquent. With respect to the activity/passivity issue, Jamal's statement reflects

21

The question of whether child development occurs in “stages” is part of the

22

Those who propose that development proceeds through a series of distinct stages can be described as

23

A person taking the position that development is continuous (rather than discontinuous) would characterize developmental changes as

24

A researcher who believes that the most noteworthy aspects of development are those everyone displays believes that development is largely a                                                            enterprise.

25 John discovers that age-related patterns of moral reasoning observed in India differ dramatically from those observed in the U.S. His findings seem to highlight aspects of development.

26

As applied to the study of human development, the scientific method is

27

Scientifically useful measures must be reliable and valid. A measure is reliable if it

28 WWW

If a measure yields consistent information over time and across observers, the measure is

29

If a measure accurately measures what it was designed to measure, it is said to be

30 A valid measuring instrument

1. yields consistent information over time
2. yields consistent information across observers
3. measures what it claims to measure

d.            all of these

31

Which of the following statements about scientific measuring instruments is true?

32

The purpose of using a standard format in structured interviews is to

33

The interview method generally works best with children when

34

One creative use of the interview or questionnaire methodology that is often used with adolescents is the

35 An interview methodology in which participants respond to standardized questions at a specified time (or when paged electronically) is known as

36

One of the advantages associated with the use of interviews and questionnaires in developmental research is:

37 Reginald studies children’s moral reasoning by initially asking each participant the same questions. However, when participants provide different answers, he uses different kinds of follow-up probes to clarify their answers. Reginald’s research method is

38 An investigator asks a child a series of questions, with each question being selected on the basis of the child’s prior response. This is an example of the

39

One potentially serious disadvantage to using the clinical method is that

40

Recording the behavior of children at a picnic is an example of

41

One of the advantages of naturalistic observation is that

42

             is a possible disadvantage of naturalistic-observational research.

1. participants may behave differently when they know they are being observed
2. some interesting but undesirable behaviors of interest are unlikely to be seen by observers in a natural setting
3. the causes of observed behaviors are difficult to pinpoint in observational research

d.            all of these

43. WWW

Structured observations are useful for

44. WWW

In order to understand the factors that might promote a superstar athletic status, Dr. Jockman carefully observes, tests, and conducts in-depth interviews with baseball player Barry Bonds, basketball player Shaquille O’Neil, and football player Tom Brady.

Jockman was relying on                  .

45

Case study methods may be of limited usefulness for drawing valid conclusions because

1. subjects may report inaccurate information
2. data on different “cases” may not be directly comparable
3. such information may lack generalizability to other groups of people
4. subjects may report inaccurate information and such information may lack generalizability to other groups of people

e.            all of these

46

Jorge has been hanging with an inner city gang for nearly two years, participating in gang activities and carefully gathering notes in an attempt to learn how gangs might influence the development of inner-city youth. Jorge is relying on                                                                                                         as a research strategy.

47

A serious limitation of ethnography is

48

Use of                 enable(s) investigators to investigate the biological underpinnings of children’s perceptual, cognitive, or emotional responses.

49

Susan records changes in infants’ brain wave activity to determine whether babies can discriminate facial displays of positive and negative emotion. She is relying on to conduct her research

50

Drawing valid inferences from the use of psychophysiological methods requires that infant participants