McMaster University

BIO 2EE3

CHAPTER 17

1)Which of these is true of a mutualistic relationship?

1. 1. Both organisms benefit
   2. Both members are harmed from the relationship
   3. One member benefits and the other member is harmed
   4. Neither organism benefits or is harmed by the relationship
   5. One member benefits and the other member does not receive any benefit

2. Once rhizobia enter the plant cell through the infection thread they undergo rapid multiplication and differentiation into pleomorphic nitrogen fixing cells called                     
   1. Reticulate forms
   2. Bacteroids
   3. Elementary bodies
   4. Shizonts
   5. Nitromorphs

3. The host-range specificity between specific legumes with specific rhizobia involves the transcriptional activation of the bacterial nod genes through the secretion of specific

                            by the plant

1. 1. Flavonoids
   2. Nucleotides
   3. Fatty acids
   4. Lactones
   5. Sugars

4. The mycobiont of a lichen receives sugars from the photobiont as a benefit from this relationship while the photobiont receives                                                                          from the mycobiont as a benefit
   1. Vitamins and amino acids
   2. ATP
   3. Protection from predation
   4. Amino acids
   5. Inorganic nutrients and protection from desiccation

5. What is the human microbiome composed of
   1. All microbes that live in or within the human body
   2. All the microbes that cause disease in humans
   3. Microbes that contribute to the health of humans
   4. Microbes that live on human skin
   5. Microbes that live in the intestinal tract of humans

6. Which of these is the MOST abundant bacterial group in the colon?
   1. Lactobacilli
   2. Members of the phylum Proteobacteria
   3. The family Enterobacteriaceae
   4. Obligate anaerobes
   5. Facultative anaerobes

7. Many of the rumen bacteria specialize in the breakdown of these macromolecules
   1. Cellulose polymers
   2. Peptidoglycans
   3. Nucleic acids
   4. Fatty acids
   5. Proteins

8. What is an endophyte?
   1. A parasite of a plant
   2. A symbiont that lives inside plant cells
   3. A parasite of an animal
   4. A member of the intestinal tract microbial community
   5. A member of the root rhizosphere

9. The red color of plant root nodules is due to this oxygen binding protein
   1. Cytochrome c
   2. Flavoprotein
   3. Nitrate reductase
   4. Menaquinone
   5. Leghemoglobin

10. In order to make sufficient ATP for symbiotic nitrogen fixation, the plant supplies the symbionts with   for energy production
    1. Fatty acids
    2. Glucose
    3. C3 acids
    4. NADH
    5. C4-diacarboxylic acids

11. Which of these is TRUE of a lichen?
    1. It is comprised of a fungus and usually a green alga
    2. It is comprised of a fungus and an archaeal symbiont
    3. It is a type of slime mold
    4. It is comprised of a protozoan and anarchaeal symbiont
    5. It is classified as a plant

12. The vagina of women of child-bearing age has an acidic pH. This is due to the colonization by which organisms?
    1. Staphylococci
    2. Candida sp
    3. Micrococci
    4. Bacteroides sp
    5. Lactobacilli