University of Illinois, Chicago NURS 531 Chapter 3: How drugs act: molecular aspects MULTIPLE CHOICE 1)The Jak/Stat pathway of signal transduction responds to activation by   acetylcholine steroid hormones human growth hormone cytokines epinephrine In the growth factor kinase cascade, Map (mitogen-activated protein) kinase acts to phosphorylate   DNA transcription factors cyclic AMP ion channels   transport proteins Which second messenger in a G-protein coupled receptor signal transduction cascade typically increases intracellular calcium?   cyclic GMP cyclic AMP diacylglycerol arachidonic acid inositol triphosphate Which signal transduction pathway is most important in cell division, growth, and differentiation?   beta-adrenoceptor signal pathways phospholipase C pathways Ras/Raf/Map kinase eicosanoid signal pathways guanylate cyclic signal pathways Coupling of a G-protein alpha subunit to an agonist-occupied receptor initially leads to   activation of the beta-gamma complex hydrolysis of GTP activation of adenylate cyclase exchange of bound GDP with GTP dissociation of the alpha-subunit from the receptor The nicotinic receptor is an example of a   G-protein coupled receptor ligand-gated ion channel tyrosine-kinase linked receptor cytokine receptor transport protein     In G-protein coupled receptor signal transduction, protein kinase A is typically activated by   inositol triphosphate ATP cyclic AMP cyclic GMP diacylglycerol An agonist for a ligand-gated ion channel typically   increases channel conductance   increases the number of open channels increases the rate of channel closing alters channel ion selectivity alters the open channel conformation     Diacylglycerol produces its intracellular effects by   activating protein kinase C activating protein kinase A releasing intracellular calcium activating adenylate cyclase activating guanylate cyclase     Class I nuclear receptors that control gene transcription   contain cysteine residues bound to iron interact with nucleolar RNA bind to hormone response elements of DNA only act to inhibit DNA transcription only act to stimulate DNA transcription     Myasthenia gravis is a disease in which   receptors have an abnormal amino acid sequence G proteins have mutated signal transmission pathways are defective autoantibodies are directed against receptor proteins nuclear receptors are down-regulated     Receptors for insulin   contain tyrosine kinase in their intracellular domain bind and activate intracellular kinases exhibit phosphatase activity phosphorylate DNA transcription factors are linked to guanylate cyclase     Which ion inhibits an enzyme (inositol-1-phosphatase) in the phosphoinositol cycle?   calcium ferrous sodium potassium lithium     The opening of chloride ion channels by gamma-amino butyric acid is facilitated by     tricyclic antidepressant drugs benzodiazepine drugs local anesthetics opioid analgesics central nervous system stimulants The most rapid response is produced by activation of   kinase-linked receptors G-protein coupled receptors receptors activating gene transcription ionotropic receptors insulin receptors     Which type of receptors contains seven transmembrane helices?   nicotinic acetylcholine receptors sodium channels steroid hormone receptors insulin receptors G-protein-coupled receptors     The treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia with imatinib results from the ability of the drug to inhibit a specific   ligand-gated ion channel G-protein-coupled receptor tyrosine kinase Map (mitogen-activated protein) kinase nuclear receptor     Which receptors are activated by proteolytic cleavage and inactivated by phosphorylation?   neurotransmitter receptors cytokine receptors growth factor receptors thrombin receptors insulin receptors     Which receptors are entirely located intracellularly?   G-protein-coupled receptors nicotinic receptors thyroid hormone receptors cytokine and growth factor receptors muscarinic receptors