202110 - SOCY-100-10184  Final Exam Question 1 2 out of 2 points     A disparity in income, wealth, power, and prestige is known as __________

202110 - SOCY-100-10184 

Final Exam

Question 1

2 out of 2 points

	A disparity in income, wealth, power, and prestige is known as __________.
	Answers: social mobility   social stratification   social inequality   social structure

• Question 2

  2 out of 2 points

  	Since the 1950s, India has passed laws to __________.
  	Answers: prohibit the "untouchables" from working or going to school   prohibit poor people from experiencing social mobility   enable wealthy families to collect taxes from the poor   abolish the caste system

• Question 3

  2 out of 2 points

  	Jobs labeled as __________ are typically based on manual labor, while those described as __________ are generally low-paid service jobs held primarily by women.
  	Answers: white collar; gold collar   pink collar; white collar   gold collar; pink collar   blue collar; pink collar

• Question 4

  2 out of 2 points

  	According to the world systems theory, __________ countries are economically advanced, technologically sophisticated, and well educated, while __________ countries have low incomes and low levels of industrialization.
  	Answers: central; semi-peripheral   central; peripheral   core; quasi-peripheral   core; peripheral

• Question 5

  2 out of 2 points

  	About __________ percent of Americans live below the official U.S. poverty line.
  	Answers: 5   10   15   25

• Question 6

  2 out of 2 points

  	The practice of spatially or socially segregating people on the basis of race or ethnicity is referred to as:
  	Answers: Expulsion   Apartheid   Exclusion   Segregation

• Question 7

  2 out of 2 points

  	A set of characteristics that is generalized to all members of a group is referred to as:
  	Answers: Race   Ethnicity   Social category   Stereotype

• Question 8

  2 out of 2 points

  	Which of the following is not a health outcome associated with prejudice and discrimination?
  	Answers: Low birth weight   Higher rates of infant mortality   Higher rates of disability   Lower rates of obesity

• Question 9

  2 out of 2 points

  	_____ discrimination refers to overt and intentional unequal treatment, often based on prejudicial beliefs, while _____ discrimination is enshrined in law, public policy, or common practice.
  	Answers: Personal, structural   Individual, institutional   Individual, structural   Prejudicial, structural

• Question 10

  2 out of 2 points

  	Demographers predict that non-whites will constitute a numeric majority nationwide by _____.
  	Answers: 2015   2040   2100   2020

• Question 11

  2 out of 2 points

  	People whose gender identity, expression, or behavior differs from their assigned sex at birth may be categorized as __________.
  	Answers: female   bisexual   androgynous   transgender

• Question 12

  2 out of 2 points

  	The hidden curriculum refers to the __________.
  	Answers: unspoken norms, values, and roles that occur in the classroom   emphasis on teaching about the predominantly male figures in courses   indoctrination of students with pro-American ideologies   life lessons that students learn outside of the classroom

• Question 13

  2 out of 2 points

  	Which of the following is not cited as a major problem that exists in less developed nations?
  	Answers: improved literacy of women   high maternal mortality rate   lack of rural health systems   sex trafficking

• Question 14

  2 out of 2 points

  	Feminism is defined as the philosophy that __________.
  	Answers: men should eventually become a minority group   women should become a more powerful force than men in society   gender equality should be strongly opposed   gender stratification should be strongly opposed

• Question 15

  2 out of 2 points

  	The idea that the knowledge we create is conditioned by where we stand is referred to as __________.
  	Answers: standpoint theory   black feminism   multicultural feminism   positional epistemology

• Question 16

  2 out of 2 points

  	Universal education systems provided by the government and funded by tax revenues rather than student fees are referred to as
  	Answers: public education   charcter education   parochial education   municipal education

• Question 17

  2 out of 2 points

  	The move to an industrial society changed education in all but which of the following ways:
  	Answers: Families had more control over their children’s education.   Literacy was emphasized because of the changing demands of available work.   Avenues for public education were opened up for all.   Access to jobs became more dependent on formal credentials.

• Question 18

  2 out of 2 points

  	Sociologists Rosenthal and Jacobson found that when teachers were told that certain students would probably spurt ahead during the year, those students actually performed better than other students. What does this illustrate?
  	Answers: Some students are more motivated.   Students are predictable.   Students will respond to teachers' expectations.   Education is the best route to success.

• Question 19

  2 out of 2 points

  	"Word poverty" among children is linked to all except which of the following factors?
  	Answers: Economic disadvantage   Language-impoverished environments   Limited access to books in the home   Individual learning challenges, such as dyslexia

• Question 20

  2 out of 2 points

  	Which of the following is not a factor contributing to educational inequalities between racial groups?
  	Answers: School funding formulas based on property taxes   De facto segregation   Income inequality   None of the above; they all contribute to educational inequalities.

• Question 21

  2 out of 2 points

  	Which of the following is not characteristic of a pluralistic society?
  	Answers: Made up of many different groups and subcultures   Different groups have different norms and values   Norms and values may change over time   Beliefs are stable and unchanging

• Question 22

  2 out of 2 points

  	Which of the following is not a characteristic of deviance?
  	Answers: Encompasses criminal and noncriminal action   Not restricted to any specific racial, gender, or age group   Is only based on legal definitions and judgments   Can include things like medical conditions, illnesses, and physical abnormalities

• Question 23

  2 out of 2 points

  	According to structural strain theory, poverty
  	Answers: makes it more difficult for people to achieve the goals they have learned to pursue.   always leads to negative attachments.   is the result of the same types of subcultural values that promote many forms of deviance.   causes people to be labeled as a criminal, whether or not the label is warranted.

• Question 24

  	What of the following is a characteristic of control theory?
  	Answers: Individuals turn to deviance when there is a tension between society’s goals and their ability to achieve those goals.   Weak social bonds can encourage deviance.   The majority of deviant acts are carefully planned.   Strong family attachments have little to no influence on the likelihood an individual will commit acts of deviance.

• Question 25

  2 out of 2 points

  	Based on differential association theory, what is the most likely background shared by juvenile delinquents?
  	Answers: They come from regions populated by large numbers of minorities.   They are concentrated in urban areas with a population of over 25,000.   They are common in families living in poverty.   They are from families that have a history of being involved in crime.

• Question 26

  2 out of 2 points

  	White-collar crime
  	Answers: only benefits the individual(s) who participate in the crime.   only benefits the organization for which the individual(s) work.   can benefit either the individual(s) who participate in the crime or the organization for which the individual(s) work.   is done only for the rush and excitement of trying to not get caught.

• Question 27

  2 out of 2 points

  	Which of the following is not characteristic of a conflict oriented understanding of social change?
  	Answers: Social change is inevitable.   Conflict is an inherent result of the different interests of social groups.   Social change is a logical response to conflict.   Social change is always positive or progressive.

• Question 28

  2 out of 2 points

  	As a characteristic of value-added theory, which of the following would not be considered an example of structural strain?
  	Answers: Growth and expansion of the middle class   High unemployment rates   Rising levels of personal debt   Failing educational systems

• Question 29

  2 out of 2 points

  	_____ movements seek to restore an earlier social system along with traditional norms, values that accompanied it.
  	Answers: Reformist   Reactionary   Revolutionary   Rebellion

• Question 30

  2 out of 2 points

  	Since the end of 2010, many Arab nations have witnessed demonstrations, marches, uprisings, rallies, and other calls to action in order to try to bring down violent and oppressive governments.  In the cases for which the demonstrators are actively seeking democracy, this type of social movement would be classified as
  	Answers: reactionary.   utopian.   revolutionary.   rebellion.

• Question 31

  Needs Grading

  	Explain in detail how the poverty threshold is officially calculated.  Then tell me two weaknesses in the way it is calculated.  What would be an alternative, better way to measure financial hardship, and what makes it better?

• Question 32

  Needs Grading

  	As concepts, how are race and sex similar to one another, AND ethnicity and gender similar to one another?  Then describe one specific way that gender inequality looks similar to racial and ethnic inequality, and one specific way the inequalities are different.

• Question 33

  Needs Grading

• Question 34

  Needs Grading

  	How has the prison population in the US changed since the 1960s, and what are the reasons for this change?  How would conflict theory explain the change?