Homework answers / question archive / Wilfrid Laurier University PS 102 Self-Study Questions  Multiple Choices 1)Which of the following sequences best reflects the order of stages in the three-stage memory model, from first to last? a

Wilfrid Laurier University PS 102 Self-Study Questions  Multiple Choices 1)Which of the following sequences best reflects the order of stages in the three-stage memory model, from first to last? a

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Wilfrid Laurier University

PS 102

Self-Study Questions

 Multiple Choices

1)Which of the following sequences best reflects the order of stages in the three-stage memory model, from first to last?

a.            sensory memory → long-term memory → working memory

b.            sensory memory → working memory → long-term memory

c.             working memory → long-term memory → sensory memory

d.            working memory → sensory memory → long-term memory

2.            For encoding to occur, individuals need to focus on environmental stimuli. This “focus” refers to what cognitive process?

a.            attention

b.            invigoration

c.             retrieval

d.            storage

3.            An experimenter is reading a series of digits aloud for a respondent to recite back from memory in the order they were read. The experimenter is testing the capacity of        memory, and the longest string the respondent is likely to be able to repeat correctly is                      digits.

a.            sensory; 3

b.            sensory; 7

c.             working; 3

d.            working; 7

4.            Multiple choice test is to essay test as    is to        .

a.            cueing; priming

b.            explicit memory; implicit memory

c.             recall; recognition

d.            recognition; recall

5.            What does the forgetting curve discovered by Ebbinghaus tell us about the way we forget material over time?

a.            At first, we forget very little of what we have learned, but as time passes, the rate of

forgetting accelerates.

b.            Most forgetting happens immediately after we learn material; the rate of forgetting slows down as time goes by.

c.             We forget information at a constant rate as time passes.

d.            We forget information at a variable and unpredictable rate as time passes.

6.            The need to reconstruct rather than simply retrieve memories stems from the  code used in long-term memory.

 

a.            orthographic

b.            phonological

c.             semantic

d.            visual

7.            How do the results of Lashley's research on maze memory among rats inform an evaluation of connectionist models of memory?

a.            They cast serious doubt on connectionist models of memory.

b.            They offer strong support for connectionist models of memory.

c.             They pose a challenge for connectionist models of memory.

d.            They say little with respect to connectionist models of memory.

8.            Which statement best describes the role of the hippocampus in memory?

a.            The hippocampus helps encode procedural memories, but not semantic ones.

b.            The hippocampus is a “staging area” for the encoding of material into long-term memory and may store some autobiographical memories.

c.             The hippocampus is the final repository for long-term episodic and semantic memories.

d.            The hippocampus serves to transfer material from sensory to working memory in a process researchers call consolidation.

9.            In terms of helping to slow or prevent memory loss in older adults, which strategy has received

the most research support?

a.            completing puzzles

b.            engaging in physical exercise

c.             playing computer games

d.            taking vitamins

10.          Symptoms accompanying progressive neurodegerative diseases characterized by memory loss are called

a.            dementia.

b.            Alzheimer's disease.

c.             Parkinson's disease.

d.            dopaminergic losses.

 

Fill-in-the-Blank

1.            According to the information-processing model of memory, _______________ is the first stage in which an image is retained by the brain for less than 1 second.

2.            The ___________model of memory emphasizes how

memories are formed and stored in a network of connections throughout the brain.

3.            __________, or consciously repeating information, increases the likelihood of information being encoded into working memory.

4.            Remembering a fact based on general knowledge requires __________memory.

5.            A stimulus reminding us of the information we need to retrieve from memory is termed a retrieval ____________.

6.            In _____________ interference, information learned earlier disrupts the recall of information learned

more recently; in __________ interference, recently learned information disrupts the recall of information learned earlier.

7.            Adults with damage to the _____________ typically find that their long-term memories are intact

with the exception of memories formed just prior to the brain damage.

 

8.            Our inability to remember events prior to age 3 or 4 is called ____________ amnesia.

9.            Older adults tend to have more trouble than younger adults with ____________ memory, which can make it difficult for them to remember future planned events such as shopping for particular items at the grocery store.

10.          Women have higher rates of dementia than men, partly because they live longer, and partly due

to declines in the hormone _____________ that occur with aging.