Take Test: A+P 2 Exam 4 BIO Anatomy and Physiology QUESTION 1 Match the descriptions to the structures of the nephron. Answer choices can be used once, more than once or not at all. -A.B.C.D.E.F.G. tube nearest to the Bowman's capsule -A.B.C.D.E.F.G. structure into which the proximal convoluted tubule empties -A.B.C.D.E.F.G. these blood vessels surround the loop of Henle -A.B.C.D.E.F.G. blood vessels that surround the convoluted tubules -A.B.C.D.E.F.G. capillary network inside the Bowman's capsule -A.B.C.D.E.F.G. filtration occurs here -A.B.C.D.E.F.G. most reabsorption occurs here -A.B.C.D.E.F.G. all cells have prominent microvilli -A.B.C.D.E.F.G. contains urine in its most final form -A.B.C.D.E.F.G. podocytes are found here -A.B.C.D.E.F.G. the ascending part of this structure is impermeable to water -A.B.C.D.E.F.G. in cortical nephrons, this structure is short A. distal convoluted tubule B. proximal convoluted tubule C. peritubular capillaries D. vasa recta E. glomerulus F. Loop of

Question 1 12 out of 12 points Match the descriptions to the structures of the nephron. Answer choices can be used once, more than once or not at all. Question Correct Match Selected Match tube nearest to the Bowman's capsule B. proximal convoluted tubule B. proximal convoluted tubule structure into which the proximal convoluted tubule empties F. Loop of Henle F. Loop of Henle these blood vessels surround the loop of Henle D. vasa recta D. vasa recta blood vessels that surround the convoluted tubules C. peritubular capillaries C. peritubular capillaries capillary network inside the Bowman's capsule E. glomerulus E. glomerulus filtration occurs here E. glomerulus E. glomerulus most reabsorption occurs here B. proximal convoluted tubule B. proximal convoluted tubule all cells have prominent microvilli B. proximal convoluted tubule B. proximal convoluted tubule contains urine in its most final form G. collecting duct G. collecting duct podocytes are found here E. glomerulus E. glomerulus the ascending part of this structure is impermeable to water F. Loop of Henle F. Loop of Henle in cortical nephrons, this structure is short F. Loop of Henle F. Loop of Henle Question 2 4 out of 8 points Match the description to the electrolyte. Answer choices can be used once, more than once or not at all. Question Correct Match Selected Match major extracellular cation B. Na+ B. Na+ major intracellular cation F. K+ A. PO4-3 diffuses out of the neuron during depolarization D. none of the

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Take Test: A+P 2 Exam 4 BIO Anatomy and Physiology QUESTION 1 Match the descriptions to the structures of the nephron

Biology May 04, 2021

Take Test: A+P 2 Exam 4 BIO Anatomy and Physiology

QUESTION 1

Match the descriptions to the structures of the nephron. Answer choices can be used once, more than once or not at all.

	tube nearest to the Bowman's capsule
	structure into which the proximal convoluted tubule empties
	these blood vessels surround the loop of Henle
	blood vessels that surround the convoluted tubules
	capillary network inside the Bowman's capsule
	filtration occurs here
	most reabsorption occurs here
	all cells have prominent microvilli
	contains urine in its most final form
	podocytes are found here
	the ascending part of this structure is impermeable to water
	in cortical nephrons, this structure is short

A.	distal convoluted tubule
B.	proximal convoluted tubule
C.	peritubular capillaries
D.	vasa recta
E.	glomerulus
F.	Loop of Henle
G.	collecting duct

12 points

QUESTION 2

Match the description to the electrolyte. Answer choices can be used once, more than once or not at all.

	major extracellular cation
	major intracellular cation
	diffuses out of the neuron during depolarization
	diffuses out of the neuron at repolarization
	needed for exocytosis
	passively follows sodium
	part of DNA and RNA nucleotides
	actively pumped into all cells

A.	PO₄^-3
B.	Na⁺
C.	Cl^-
D.	none of the answers is correct
E.	Ca⁺²
F.	K⁺

8 points

QUESTION 3

Match the description to the type of condition. Answers can be used once, more than once, or not at all.

	often caused by hypoventilation
	often caused by loss of bicarbonate (HCO₃^-)
	characterized by decreased blood pH and HCO₃^-
	characterized by decreased blood pH and elevated pCO₂
	characterized by increased blood pH and HCO₃^-
	caused by vomiting, diarrhea, or dehydration
	compensation for this condition is to breath into a paper bag
	compensation for this is hypoventilation

A.	respiratory alkalosis
B.	metabolic acidosis
C.	respiratory acidosis
D.	metabolic alkalosis

8 points

QUESTION 4

Match the patient results to the type of condition. Answers can be used once, more than once, or not at all.

	pH= 7.65 HCO₃^- = 24 pCO₂ = 21
	pH= 7.30 HCO₃^- = 17 pCO₂ = 39
	pH= 7.39 HCO₃^- = 25 pCO₂ = 45
	pH= 7.6 HCO₃^- = 22 pCO₂ = 33

A.	none of the answer choices are correct; the patient is normal
B.	respiratory acidosis
C.	metabolic alkalosis
D.	metabolic acidosis
E.	respiratory alkalosis

4 points

QUESTION 5

Match the descriptions to the stage of cellular respiration. Answers can be used once, more than once, or not at all.

	produces the most ATP
	anaerobic
	occurs in the cytoplasm
	produces lactic acid
	produces FADH₂
	produces NADH
	occurs across the inner mitochondrial membrane
	oxygen is reduced to form water
	acetyl coA is produced from pyruvic acid
	slow process to start; uses 2 ATPs
	produces ketones
	lysis of glucose

A.	Krebs Cycle
B.	glycolysis, transition, and the Krebs cycle are all correct
C.	transition
D.	ETC
E.	glycolysis
F.	none of the answers are correct

12 points

QUESTION 6

Put the following structures in order to demonstrate blood flow through the kidney. Begin with blood entering the kidney.

interlobular (cortical radiate) arteries

renal artery

segmental arteries

interlobar arteries

arcuate arteries

5 points

QUESTION 7

Put the following structures in order to demonstrate the path of filtrate through the nephron. Begin with the filtrate in the Bowman's capsule.

collecting duct

distal convoluted tubule

Bowman's capsule

Proximal Convoluted tubule

descending limb of the loop of Henle

ascending limb of the loop of Henle

6 points

QUESTION 8

Order the following locations to demonstrate the path of urine out of the body. Begin with the minor calyx.

urethra

urinary bladder

minor calyx

major calyx

renal pelvis

ureter

6 points

QUESTION 9

Put the steps of urine formation in the correct order.

glomerular filtration

tubular reabsoption

tubular secretion

filtrate leaves the nephron and moves into the renal pelvis

4 points

QUESTION 10

The portion of the nephron located in the medulla is the

		loop of Henle
		glomerulus
		both the proximal and distal convoluted tubules are correct
		both the glomerulus and the Bowman's capsule are correct

1 points

QUESTION 11

Blood flows into the glomerulus via the

		afferent arteriole
		efferent arteriole
		renal artery
		renal vein

1 points

QUESTION 12

Reabsorption as performed in the kidney is most correctly described as

		movement of molecules from the urine out of the body
		movement of molecules out of the tubules and into the peritubular capillaries
		movement of molecules out of the peritubular capillaries and into the convoluted tubules.
		movement of water and solutes from the plasma into the Bowman's space by passing through the glomerular filtration membrane

1 points

QUESTION 13

A drop in systemic blood pressure would cause filtration rate to

		increase
		decrease
		stay the same since blood pressure has no affect glomerular filtration
		vary depending on the amount of ADH present in the blood

1 points

QUESTION 14

Under normal conditions, most glucose and other nutrients are reabsorbed in the

		proximal convoluted tubule
		loop of Henle
		distal convoluted tubule
		collecting duct

1 points

QUESTION 15

In the ascending limb of the loop of Henle

		water leaves the nephron and moves into the medulla of the kidney
		Na+ and Cl- leave the filtrate and enter into the medulla
		the filtrate becomes more concentrated as the Na+ and Cl- leave
		ADH causes the cells to become more permeable to water

1 points

QUESTION 16

Which of the following is not a normal constituent of urine?

		red and white blood cells
		plasma proteins
		glucose
		all of the answer choices are correct

1 points

QUESTION 17

What percent of normal urine is water?

		0
		50
		75
		95

1 points

QUESTION 18

If a person becomes dehydrated, what would you expect to happen?

		ADH will increase
		ADH will decrease
		ADH and ANP will both increase
		ADH, aldosterone and ANP will all increase

1 points

QUESTION 19

Which of the following hormones will increase glomerular filtration rate and therefore increase urine production?

		ADH
		Aldosterone
		ANP
		both ADH and aldosterone are correct

1 points

QUESTION 20

Which of the following statements is correct?

		The kidneys contains mostly juxtamedullary nephrons.
		The kidneys contain mostly cortical nephrons.
		The amount of juxtamedullary nephrons is equal to the amount of cortical nephrons.
		Females contain more cortical nephrons while males contain more juxtamedullary nephrons.

1 points

QUESTION 21

Urine has an approximate pH of

		1
		6
		10
		14

1 points

QUESTION 22

Match the description to the urinary structure. Answers can be used once, more than once or not at all.

	longer in males than females
	tube that carries urine INTO the urinary bladder
	tube that carries urine OUT of the urinary bladder
	organ that lies inferior to the urinary bladder in MALES
	organ that lies superior to the urinary bladder in females
	contains a triangular region called the trigone
	hollow organ lined with smooth muscle called the detrusor muscle

A.	urethra
B.	uterus
C.	prostate
D.	ureter
E.	urinary bladder

7 points

QUESTION 23

The process of voiding urine is called micturition.

True

False

1 points

QUESTION 24

It is normal to urinate 1-2L of urine a day.

True

False

1 points

QUESTION 25

Urination is controlled via a parasympathetic reflex arc.

True

False

1 points

QUESTION 26

The process of glomerular filtration is controlled via the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system.

True

False

1 points

QUESTION 27

If you eat a lot of salt, more salt will be released in your urine.

True

False

1 points

QUESTION 28

The efferent arterioles carry blood into the glomerulus.

True

False

1 points

QUESTION 29

Calcium is important for blood clotting and muscular contraction.

True

False

1 points

QUESTION 30

Potassium rich foods are consumed to treat hyperkalemia.

True

False

1 points

QUESTION 31

Hypernatremia is a condition in which the body's level of sodium is too high.

True

False

1 points

QUESTION 32

In chloride shift, a chloride ion moves into a WBC to maintain its negative charge.

True

False

1 points

QUESTION 33

Ketone bodies are produced when the body metabolizes fats.

True

False

1 points

QUESTION 34

Cellular respiration is an aerobic process.

True

False

1 points

QUESTION 35

In partially compensated metabolic acidosis, the pCO₂ will be within normal range.

True

False

1 points

QUESTION 36

In the complete breakdown of glucose, 36 molecules of ATP are produced.

True

False

1 points

QUESTION 37

Vomitting and diarrhea can result in a blood pH that is too acidic.

True

False

1 points

QUESTION 38

In alkalosis, the pH of blood is higher than normal.

True

False

Expert Solution

Question 1

12 out of 12 points

Match the descriptions to the structures of the nephron. Answer choices can be used once, more than once or not at all.

Question	Correct Match	Selected Match
tube nearest to the Bowman's capsule	B. proximal convoluted tubule	B. proximal convoluted tubule
structure into which the proximal convoluted tubule empties	F. Loop of Henle	F. Loop of Henle
these blood vessels surround the loop of Henle	D. vasa recta	D. vasa recta
blood vessels that surround the convoluted tubules	C. peritubular capillaries	C. peritubular capillaries
capillary network inside the Bowman's capsule	E. glomerulus	E. glomerulus
filtration occurs here	E. glomerulus	E. glomerulus
most reabsorption occurs here	B. proximal convoluted tubule	B. proximal convoluted tubule
all cells have prominent microvilli	B. proximal convoluted tubule	B. proximal convoluted tubule
contains urine in its most final form	G. collecting duct	G. collecting duct
podocytes are found here	E. glomerulus	E. glomerulus
the ascending part of this structure is impermeable to water	F. Loop of Henle	F. Loop of Henle
in cortical nephrons, this structure is short	F. Loop of Henle	F. Loop of Henle

Question 2

4 out of 8 points

Match the description to the electrolyte. Answer choices can be used once, more than once or not at all.

Question	Correct Match	Selected Match
major extracellular cation	B. Na⁺	B. Na⁺
major intracellular cation	F. K⁺	A. PO₄^-3
diffuses out of the neuron during depolarization	D. none of the answers is correct	B. Na⁺
diffuses out of the neuron at repolarization	F. K⁺	F. K⁺
needed for exocytosis	E. Ca⁺²	E. Ca⁺²
passively follows sodium	C. Cl^-	C. Cl^-
part of DNA and RNA nucleotides	A. PO₄^-3	A. PO₄^-3
actively pumped into all cells	F. K⁺	F. K⁺

Question 3

7 out of 8 points

Match the description to the type of condition. Answers can be used once, more than once, or not at all.

Question	Correct Match	Selected Match
often caused by hypoventilation	C. respiratory acidosis	C. respiratory acidosis
often caused by loss of bicarbonate (HCO₃^-)	B. metabolic acidosis	B. metabolic acidosis
characterized by decreased blood pH and HCO₃^-	B. metabolic acidosis	B. metabolic acidosis
characterized by decreased blood pH and elevated pCO₂	C. respiratory acidosis	C. respiratory acidosis
characterized by increased blood pH and HCO₃^-	D. metabolic alkalosis	D. metabolic alkalosis
caused by vomiting, diarrhea, or dehydration	D. metabolic alkalosis	B. metabolic acidosis
compensation for this condition is to breath into a paper bag	A. respiratory alkalosis	A. respiratory alkalosis
compensation for this is hypoventilation	D. metabolic alkalosis	D. metabolic alkalosis

Question 4

4 out of 4 points

Match the patient results to the type of condition. Answers can be used once, more than once, or not at all.

Question	Correct Match	Selected Match
pH= 7.65 HCO₃^- = 24 pCO₂ = 21	E. respiratory alkalosis	E. respiratory alkalosis
pH= 7.30 HCO₃^- = 17 pCO₂ = 39	D. metabolic acidosis	D. metabolic acidosis
pH= 7.39 HCO₃^- = 25 pCO₂ = 45	A. none of the answer choices are correct; the patient is normal	A. none of the answer choices are correct; the patient is normal
pH= 7.6 HCO₃^- = 22 pCO₂ = 33	E. respiratory alkalosis	E. respiratory alkalosis

Question 5

11 out of 12 points

Match the descriptions to the stage of cellular respiration. Answers can be used once, more than once, or not at all.

Question	Correct Match	Selected Match
produces the most ATP	D. ETC	D. ETC
anaerobic	E. glycolysis	E. glycolysis
occurs in the cytoplasm	E. glycolysis	E. glycolysis
produces lactic acid	F. none of the answers are correct	E. glycolysis
produces FADH₂	A. Krebs Cycle	A. Krebs Cycle
produces NADH	B. glycolysis, transition, and the Krebs cycle are all correct	B. glycolysis, transition, and the Krebs cycle are all correct
occurs across the inner mitochondrial membrane	D. ETC	D. ETC
oxygen is reduced to form water	D. ETC	D. ETC
acetyl coA is produced from pyruvic acid	C. transition	C. transition
slow process to start; uses 2 ATPs	E. glycolysis	E. glycolysis
produces ketones	F. none of the answers are correct	F. none of the answers are correct
lysis of glucose	E. glycolysis	E. glycolysis

Question 6

5 out of 5 points

Put the following structures in order to demonstrate blood flow through the kidney. Begin with blood entering the kidney.

Correct Answer	Selected Answer
1. renal artery	1. renal artery
2. segmental arteries	2. segmental arteries
3. interlobar arteries	3. interlobar arteries
4. arcuate arteries	4. arcuate arteries
5. interlobular (cortical radiate) arteries	5. interlobular (cortical radiate) arteries

Question 7

6 out of 6 points

Put the following structures in order to demonstrate the path of filtrate through the nephron. Begin with the filtrate in the Bowman's capsule.

Correct Answer	Selected Answer
1. Bowman's capsule	1. Bowman's capsule
2. Proximal Convoluted tubule	2. Proximal Convoluted tubule
3. descending limb of the loop of Henle	3. descending limb of the loop of Henle
4. ascending limb of the loop of Henle	4. ascending limb of the loop of Henle
5. distal convoluted tubule	5. distal convoluted tubule
6. collecting duct	6. collecting duct

Question 8

6 out of 6 points

Order the following locations to demonstrate the path of urine out of the body. Begin with the minor calyx.

Correct Answer	Selected Answer
1. minor calyx	1. minor calyx
2. major calyx	2. major calyx
3. renal pelvis	3. renal pelvis
4. ureter	4. ureter
5. urinary bladder	5. urinary bladder
6. urethra	6. urethra

Question 9

4 out of 4 points

Put the steps of urine formation in the correct order.

Correct Answer	Selected Answer
1. glomerular filtration	1. glomerular filtration
2. tubular reabsoption	2. tubular reabsoption
3. tubular secretion	3. tubular secretion
4. filtrate leaves the nephron and moves into the renal pelvis	4. filtrate leaves the nephron and moves into the renal pelvis

Question 10

1 out of 1 points

The portion of the nephron located in the medulla is the

Selected Answer:	loop of Henle
Correct Answer:	loop of Henle

Question 11

1 out of 1 points

Blood flows into the glomerulus via the

Selected Answer:	afferent arteriole
Correct Answer:	afferent arteriole

Question 12

1 out of 1 points

Reabsorption as performed in the kidney is most correctly described as

Selected Answer:	movement of molecules out of the tubules and into the peritubular capillaries
Correct Answer:	movement of molecules out of the tubules and into the peritubular capillaries

Question 13

1 out of 1 points

A drop in systemic blood pressure would cause filtration rate to

Selected Answer:	decrease
Correct Answer:	decrease

Question 14

1 out of 1 points

Under normal conditions, most glucose and other nutrients are reabsorbed in the

Selected Answer:	proximal convoluted tubule
Correct Answer:	proximal convoluted tubule

Question 15

1 out of 1 points

In the ascending limb of the loop of Henle

Selected Answer:	Na+ and Cl- leave the filtrate and enter into the medulla
Correct Answer:	Na+ and Cl- leave the filtrate and enter into the medulla

Question 16

1 out of 1 points

Which of the following is not a normal constituent of urine?

Selected Answer:	all of the answer choices are correct
Correct Answer:	all of the answer choices are correct

Question 17

1 out of 1 points

What percent of normal urine is water?

Selected Answer:	95
Correct Answer:	95

Question 18

1 out of 1 points

If a person becomes dehydrated, what would you expect to happen?

Selected Answer:	ADH will increase
Correct Answer:	ADH will increase

Question 19

1 out of 1 points

Which of the following hormones will increase glomerular filtration rate and therefore increase urine production?

Selected Answer:	ANP
Correct Answer:	ANP

Question 20

1 out of 1 points

Which of the following statements is correct?

Selected Answer:	The kidneys contain mostly cortical nephrons.
Correct Answer:	The kidneys contain mostly cortical nephrons.

Question 21

1 out of 1 points

Urine has an approximate pH of

Selected Answer:	6
Correct Answer:	6

Question 22

7 out of 7 points

Match the description to the urinary structure. Answers can be used once, more than once or not at all.

Question	Correct Match	Selected Match
longer in males than females	A. urethra	A. urethra
tube that carries urine INTO the urinary bladder	D. ureter	D. ureter
tube that carries urine OUT of the urinary bladder	A. urethra	A. urethra
organ that lies inferior to the urinary bladder in MALES	C. prostate	C. prostate
organ that lies superior to the urinary bladder in females	B. uterus	B. uterus
contains a triangular region called the trigone	E. urinary bladder	E. urinary bladder
hollow organ lined with smooth muscle called the detrusor muscle	E. urinary bladder	E. urinary bladder

Question 23

1 out of 1 points

The process of voiding urine is called micturition.

Selected Answer:	True
Correct Answer:	True

Question 24

1 out of 1 points

It is normal to urinate 1-2L of urine a day.

Selected Answer:	True
Correct Answer:	True

Question 25

1 out of 1 points

Urination is controlled via a parasympathetic reflex arc.

Selected Answer:	True
Correct Answer:	True

Question 26

1 out of 1 points

The process of glomerular filtration is controlled via the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system.

Selected Answer:	True
Correct Answer:	True

Question 27

1 out of 1 points

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Take Test: A+P 2 Exam 4 BIO Anatomy and Physiology QUESTION 1 Match the descriptions to the structures of the nephron

Expert Solution

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