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Florida International University PCB 3063 15

Biology

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9. What is different in mRNA?
10. What is the +1 or initiation site?
11. Nucleotides preceding the initiation site are given what types of numbers, are denoted how, and are called what?
12. Because prokaryotes do not have membrane-enclosed nuclei, the processes of transcription, translation, and mRNA degradation can occur how?
13. Prokaryotes use what to transcribe all of their genes?

15. Describe the polymerase holoenzyme.
16. What is a promoter?
17. In most cases, where to the promoters exist?
18. Why is the specific sequence of the promoter so important?
19. Where are the two promoter consensus sequences found?
20. What is the role of each of these consensus sequences?
21. The transcription elongation phase begins with what?
22. This allows what to occur?
23. During elongation, the prokaryotic RNA polymerase does what?
24. Once a gene is transcribed, what has to happen to the prokaryotic polymerase?
25. What are the two types of termination signals?
26. By the time termination occurs, the prokaryotic transcript would have already been used how?
27. All of these processes occur in what direction?
28. In prokaryotes, mRNA synthesis is initiated where which is made up of what?
29. The prokaryotic polymerase consists of what?
30. Elongation synthesizes mRNA in what direction and at what rate?
31. Termination liberates the mRNA and occurs how?