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Beaufort County Community CollegeBIO 155 Chapter 4 Assignment 1)Which of the following statements is true?  A

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Beaufort County Community CollegeBIO 155

Chapter 4 Assignment

1)Which of the following statements is true?

 A. The body is comprised of organ systems.

B.         Cells that have unrelated functions are organized into tissues.

C.         An organelle is the smallest living component of the human body.

D.        A cell is comprised of related tissues.

 

2.         An       is a body structure composed of tissues that have related functions.

A.        electrolyte

B.         anion

C.         organelle

D.        organ

 

3.         The      is the smallest living functional unit in an organism.

a.         mitochondrion

b.         atom C. cell

D. organelle

 

4.         Which of the following statements is true?

a.         Protons are negatively charged particles.

b.         Acids are substances that gain hydrogen ions.

c.         Electrons are positively charged particles.

D. Matter is comprised of atoms.

 

5.         Iron, calcium, and carbon are

a.         compounds.

b.         bases.

c.         solvents. D. elements.

 

6.                    is a mineral element.

A. Iron

B.         Hydrogen

C.         Nitrogen

D.        Carbon

 

7.         An       is a compound that speeds up (catalyzes) a chemical reaction.

 A. enzyme

B.         anion

C.         acid

D.        electron

 

8.         A scientist discovers a new chemical in the leaves of a rare tropical plant. When trying to determine the role of the chemical, the scientist determined that it is not a structural part of the plant's cells or a pigment that contributes to the color of the plant's leaves. She was able to learn that the chemical sped up a particular chemical reaction involving the plant's metabolism. Based on this information, the new chemical is a (an)

a.         solution.

b.         enzyme.

c.         sphincter.

d.         ileum.

 

9.         A(n)     is an atom or a group of atoms that has a positive or negative charge.

a.         diatom

b.         enzyme C. ion

D. solvent

 

10.       The atoms of a compound, such as sugar, are held together by

a.         basic solutes. B. chemical bonds.

C. osmotic attractions.

D. active enzymes.

 

11.       A molecule forms when two or more atoms are attracted to each other and held together by A. bonds.

B.         solvents.

C.         bases.

D.        salts.

 

12.       In chemistry class, Karl combines hydrochloric acid with a base called sodium hydroxide. This chemical reaction results in the formation of a

a.         buffer. B. salt.

C. tissue.

D. proton.

 

13.       Which of the following organs helps maintain the body's acid-base balance by removing excess hydrogen ions?

a.         Spleen

b.         Heart

c.         Brain D. Kidneys

 

14.       Which of the following substances has a pH that is higher than the pH of pure water?

a.         Blood

b.         Tomato juice

c.         Orange juice D. Gastric juice

 

15.       Chyme is the

a.         semisolid liquid formed by the partial digestion of food in the stomach.

b.         organelle that maintains fluid balance within intestinal cells.

c.         large particle that transports lipids throughout the bloodstream.

d.         material absorbed by lacteals that the liver must detoxify and excrete.

 

16.       After being absorbed, most lipids become incorporated into chylomicrons and enter

a.         special cells lining the hepatic portal vein. B. lacteals within the villi.

C. the gastroesophageal sphincter.

D. chyme.

17.       After being absorbed, most lipids become incorporated into

a.         lacteals.

b.         the hepatic portal vein.

c.         the lumen.

d.         chylomicrons.

18.       Which of the following organs produces and secretes enzymes that are essential for proper digestion?

a.         Pancreas

b.         Pituitary

c.         Gallbladder

d.         Liver

 

19.       To make hot tea, Sonya adds boiling water to a cup that has a teabag in it. She waits about 5 minutes for the tea to steep, then removes the teabag. Before drinking the tea, she adds a teaspoon of sugar to the hot beverage. When added to the tea, the sugar is a

a.         diffusion.

b.         buffer. C. solute.

D. solvent.

 

20.       An       is an ion that can conduct electricity. A. electrolyte

B.         amp

C.         atom

D.        enzyme

 

21.       Which of the following statements is true?

a.         After an enzyme catalyzes a chemical reaction, it can no longer function. B. Most enzymes have names that end with -ase.

C. Enzymes can function under a wide range of environmental conditions, such as pH and temperature.

D. Enzymes can function as electrolytes.

 

22.       A scientist wants to break down a carbohydrate called "maltose" into its component parts. To accomplish this task, she should

a.         heat maltose until it decomposes.

b.         mix maltose with 10 ml of water to form a solution.

c.         combine maltose with copper and zinc ions. D. add maltase to a solution that contains maltose.

 

23.                  is the sum of all chemical reactions that occur in living cells. A. Homeostasis

B.         Anatomy

C.         Metabolism

D.        Chyme

 

24.       Which of the following physiological changes is a result of anabolic chemical reactions?

a.         Loss of body fat during a week of starvation

b.         Enlargement of muscle tissue after 3 weeks of regular exercise

c.         The liver's conversion of a large carbohydrate molecule into its component parts

d.         Breakdown of large food molecules within the lumen of the small intestines

 

25.       Which of the following physiological changes is a result of catabolic chemical reactions? A. Weight loss as a result of starvation.

B.         Muscle mass enlargement as a result of lifting weights.

C.         Weight gain as a result of overeating.

D.        Bone growth as a result of hormonal stimulation during puberty.

 

26.       Certain organs and tissues use to send messages to target cells. A. hormones

B.         lacteals

C.         enzymes

D.        bonds

 

27.       Blood and blood vessels are primary components of the         system.

a.         urinary B. circulatory

C. lymphatic

D. integumentary

 

28.       The primary function of the cardiovascular system is

a.         production of red blood cells.

b.         regulation of body activities.

c.         circulation of blood throughout the body.

d.         destruction of toxic metabolic by-products.

 

29.       A primary function of the digestive system is the

a.         transmission of nervous impulses. B. breakdown of food into nutrients.

C. destruction of toxic metabolic by-products.

D. production of red blood cells.

 

30.       When she sampled a spoonful of hot soup, Bekha burnt the tip of her tongue. During the 24 hours that followed the injury, Bekha had difficulty detecting foods that tasted

a.         cold.

b.         sweet.

c.         meaty.

d.         sour.