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George Washington University PUBH 6003 1)A school had 100 kindergarten students at the beginning of the school year

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George Washington University

PUBH 6003

1)A school had 100 kindergarten students at the beginning of the school year. Ten of the students (n=10) reported to the school nurse that they had asthma when the school year began on September 1. On October 1, 5 additional kindergarten students reported to the school nurse that they had asthma.  By the end of the school

year, 27 kindergarten students total (includes those already mentioned above) had reported to the school nurse that they had asthma.

What is the period prevalence of asthma among the kindergarten students for the entire school year?

 

 

 

 

a.5 per 100 students

 

b.27 percent of students

 

c.15 per 100 students

 

d.Prevalence can only be determined at baseline.

 

 

2. The prevalence of hypertension is increasing in the United States. Which of the following could be a possible reason?

 

 

a.Newly diagnosed cases of hypertension are decreasing. b.More patients with hypertension are dying.

c.There are new ways to cure hypertension.

 

d.People with hypertension are living longer with the disease.

 

 

 

 

 

3.            Seafood City Florida held an oyster festival in July. 500 people attended the festival. 150 of the people ate shrimp salad that was later found to be contaminated with norovirus. Of the people who ate the shrimp salad, 125 of them became ill. Of the people who became ill, 5 of them died as a result of their illness. What is the overall (crude) mortality for the people who attended the oyster festival?

 

A. 4 per 100 persons b. 1 per 100 persons

c. 3.3 per 100 persons

d. 25 per 100 peraons

 

 

 

 

 

 

4.            A new version of the rotavirus vaccine is being developed. In a study, scientists determined that of 1000 vaccinated children, 80 contracted rotavirus and of 1000 unvaccinated children 600 contracted rotavirus. Calculate the efficacy of the new rotavirus vaccine.

 

 

a.            5%

 

b.            7% c.60%

d.We do not have enough information to calculate vaccine efficacy.

 

 

 

 

5.            On September 1, 2014, there were 1750 overweight high school students enrolled in a new school exercise initiative. All participants were between 15 and 19 years old. Baseline data indicated that 200 had pre-hypertension (blood pressure between 120/80 mmHg and 139/89 mmHg, considered as a risk indicator for hypertension) before they entered the exercise program. By September 1, 2015, 12 additional students were newly diagnosed with pre-hypertension. What is the cumulative incidence for pre-hypertension during the study period?

 

 

 

 

a.6.9 per 1000

 

b.7.7 per 1000

 

c.121 per 1000

 

d.114 per 1000

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

6.            Which of the following is not a correct statement regarding prevention?

 

 

a.Vaccines are an example of primary prevention. b.Cardiac rehabilitation is an example of tertiary prevention.

c.Screening mammograms are an example of secondary prevention.

 

d. Seatbelt laws are an example of secondary prevention.

 

 

 

7.

Which of the following is not one of the leading causes of mortality in the United

 

 

States?

 

 

a.Heart disease

 

b.Diarrheal diseases c.Cancer d.Influenza/pneumonia

 

 

 

 

8.            Five percent (5%) of the deaths in the United States are due to unintentional injuries. On average there are 48 deaths due to unintentional injuries per 100,000 population each year. Among 15-19 year olds unintentional injuries account for 50% of all deaths. Identify the incorrect statement below.

 

 

a.The cause specific mortality rate for unintentional injuries is 5%.

 

b.The proportional mortality due to unintentional injuries among 15-19 year olds is 50%.

 

c.The cause specific mortality rate for unintentional injuries is 48 per 100,000 persons.

 

d.Half of deaths among 15-19 year olds are due to unintentional injuries.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

9.            Which of the following reasons could lead to an increase in crude mortality rates for a cause of death that is more frequent in older people?

 

 

a.A change in coding that makes it more difficult to code a death due to that cause.

 

 

 

 

b.A decrease in the size of the overall population.

 

c.A decrease in the number of deaths due to that cause in the population.

 

d.Change in population age distribution so that there is a higher proportion of younger people in the population.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

10.          A standardized mortality ratio of 75 was calculated to compare observed deaths due to cancer among coal miners to expected deaths due to cancer among the US standard population. Which of the following is the correct interpretation of that measure?

 

 

a.Deaths due to cancer were 75% higher in the higher in coal miners as compared to the US populations.

 

b.Deaths due to cancer were similar in the two groups.

 

c.Observed deaths due to cancer were 25% lower among coal miners than would be expected in the US population.

 

d.You cannot interpret the SMR based on the information provided.