York University - KINE 4020

1)Which of the following is a chief function of cholecystokinin (CCK)?

1. 1. CCK triggers the release of bile.
   2. CCK increases the rate of GI tract motility.
   3. CCK triggers release of gastrin.
   4. CCK triggers release of HCl from the stomach.

2. Which of these is the usual consequence of removing a diseased gallbladder?
   1. inability to digest fats
   2. some damage to the pancreas
   3. inability to digest carbohydrates
   4. delivery of bile directly to the duodenum

3. Jenny has just has undergone a cholecystectomy. After recovery, what ability will Jenny have lost?
   1. to manufacture bile
   2. to store bile
   3. to digest carbohydrates
   4. to insulin neutralize acidic gastric juices

4. Which of the following hormones is released by the intestinal wall in response to the presence of fat?
   1. insulin
   2. gastrin
   3. secretin
   4. cholecystokinin

5. Nancy is having difficulty releasing bile from her gallbladder. What hormone might be functioning im- properly?
   1. CCK
   2. gastrin
   3. secretin
   4. gastrin

6. What substance controls the release of bile into the small intestines?
   1. gastrin
   2. secretin
   3. prozymogen
   4. cholecystokinin

7. What is a zymogen?
   1. an intestinal hormone
   2. an inactive enzyme precursor
   3. a defective pancreatic enzyme
   4. an inflamed small intestinal out-pocketing

8. Which of the following results is associated with the presence of fat in the GI tract?
   1. inhibition of mucosal enzyme activities
   2. slowing of the process of digestion and absorption
   3. inhibition of thiamine, riboflavin, and niacin absorption
   4. stimulation and hastening of digestion and absorption

9. The chief purpose of the gallbladder is to store a substance that is required for the assimilation of which of the following ingested nutrients?
   1. fats only
   2. carbohydrates only
   3. fats and carbohydrates
   4. proteins, fats, and carbohydrates

10. Which of the following nutrients requires the greatest time for digestion?
    1. fats
    2. water
    3. minerals
    4. carbohydrates

11. A decrease in the flow of blood to the intestines is known by which of the following terms?
    1. gut stasis
    2. gut dysmotility
    3. intestinal stroke
    4. intestinal ischemia

12. Choking occurs when a piece of food becomes firmly lodged in which structure?
    1. larynx
    2. trachea
    3. epiglottis
    4. esophagus

13. The Heimlich manoeuvre may be helpful in conditions associated with which of these signs?
    1. choking
    2. vomiting
    3. heartburn
    4. constipation

14. Which of the following results from reverse peristalsis?
    1. gas
    2. choking
    3. vomiting
    4. diarrhea

15. What is the very first thing you should do if you suspect someone is choking on food?
    1. perform the Heimlich manoeuvre
    2. strike the person sharply on the back
    3. attempt to dislodge the food with your fingers
    4. ask the person to make sounds from the throat

16. A person with chronic diarrhea is at risk for which of the following?
    1. dehydration
    2. constipation
    3. peptic ulcers
    4. Heimlich’s disease

17. Inflammation of the large intestine is known as which of the following conditions?
    1. colitis
    2. indigestion
    3. hemorrhoiditis
    4. acid dysregulation

18. Which of these organs is affected by colitis?
    1. stomach
    2. pancreas
    3. gall bladder
    4. large intestine

19. Susan has irritable bowel syndrome. Which treatment is most likely to be recommended?
    1. complete avoidance of fibre
    2. probiotics
    3. complete avoidance of wheat, rye, oats and barley
    4. clear fluids during relapses

20. A person on a low-fibre diet is at increased risk for experiencing elevated rectal vein pressure leading to formation of which of the following signs?
    1. reflux
    2. hiccups
    3. hemorrhoids
    4. peptic ulcers

21. What is one of the signs of constipation?
    1. increased thirst
    2. inability to digest fats
    3. fewer than one bowel movement per day
    4. fewer than 3 bowel movements per week

22. People are said to be constipated when they experience which of the following events?
    1. painful or difficult bowel movements
    2. reflux more than 3 times a month
    3. more than a day without a bowel movement
    4. soft or watery bowel movements with little notice

23. Which of the following would all be recommended to treat constipation?
    1. increasing water intake, decreasing fibre intake, increasing physical activity
    2. increasing water intake, decreasing fibre intake, including prune juice
    3. increasing vegetables and fruits, increasing physical activity, increasing water intake
    4. increasing whole grains, restricting fluids, increasing physical activity

24. Which of the following signs is most likely to result from insufficient intake of fibre?
    1. diarrhea
    2. bloating
    3. constipation
    4. pancreatitis

25. Which of the following is a common cause of constipation?
    1. high-fat diet
    2. high-carbohydrate diet
    3. low fibre diet
    4. high milk diet

26. Which of the following dietary measures is recommended to relieve constipation?
    1. eating less fibre
    2. drinking prune juice
    3. eating less fat
    4. drinking less water

27. Which of these is the primary cause for belching?

1. 1. swallowing air
   2. viral infections
   3. eating spicy foods
   4. drinking alcoholic beverages

28. Colonic irrigation is a popular practice for treatment of which of the following?
    1. belching
    2. constipation
    3. rapid peristalsis
    4. explosive diarrhea

29. Holding the breath for as long as possible is considered an effective treatment for which of the follow- ing problems?
    1. colitis
    2. hiccups
    3. belching
    4. gastroesophageal reflux

30. Which of the following nutrients is most likely to cause intestinal gas?
    1. protein
    2. carbohydrate
    3. fats.
    4. sulphur

31. Which of the following nutrients is most associated with increased production of intestinal gas?
    1. iron
    2. fats
    3. proteins
    4. carbohydrates

32. Which of the following has been associated with heartburn?
    1. eating too slowly
    2. drinking too little
    3. overeating
    4. eating acidic foods, such as oranges

33. Jim went for his annual medical check-up and was diagnosed with heartburn. Which of the following actions is most likely causing Jim’s condition?

1. 1. inhibition of peristalsis
   2. overactive cardiac sphincter activity
   3. overactive pyloric sphincter activity
   4. defective lower esophageal sphincter activity

34. People who have frequent, regular bouts of heartburn and indigestion have a medical condition known as which of the following?
    1. colitis
    2. watery stools
    3. lymphatic malabsorption
    4. gastroesophageal reflux

35. Antacids were originally developed to treat which of the following conditions?
    1. excessive gas
    2. acid indigestion
    3. excessive belching
    4. active ulcers in the stomach

36. Untreated gastroesophageal reflux increases the risk for the more serious condition known as which of the following?
    1. Graves’ disease
    2. Sinclair’s gastrum
    3. Barrett’s esophagus
    4. Zollinger-Ellison cancer

37. Peptic ulcers commonly reside in which organ(s)?
    1. stomach only
    2. esophagus only
    3. stomach or duodenum only
    4. esophagus or duodenum only

38. A person with chronic GI bleeding is at risk for deficiency of which of the following substances?
    1. HCl
    2. iron
    3. bile
    4. protein

39. Which of the following food components are poorly tolerated by those with stomach ulcers?

1. 1. fibre
   2. caffeine.
   3. simple sugars
   4. protein

40. The primary treatment for ulcer caused by the presence of H. pylori is which of the following?
    1. fibre
    2. surgery
    3. antacids
    4. antibiotics

41. Which of the following is NOT recommended for the management of existing ulcers?
    1. Alcohol intake should be curtailed.
    2. Antibiotics should be administered.
    3. Aspirin should be administered.
    4. Anti-inflammatory drug use should be curtaile

42. All of the following are causes of ulcers, which one is the most common cause?
    1. H. pylori infection
    2. regular use of aspirin
    3. regular use of ibuprofen
    4. disorders that cause high gastric acid output

43. All of the following is least likely to cause ulcers?
    1. bacterial infection
    2. excessive use of antacids
    3. excessive gastric acid secretion
    4. use of certain anti-inflammatory medicines

44. Which of the following foods is least likely to aggravate an existing ulcer?
    1. beer
    2. raw carrots
    3. regular coffee
    4. decaffeinated coffee

45. The organism H. pylorus has been identified as one of the major causes of which of the following dis- orders?
    1. hiccups

1. 2. hemorrhoids
   3. diverticulosis
   4. gastric ulcers

46. What is the most common cause for the development of ulcers?
    1. infection from H. pylori
    2. excessive consumption of spicy foods
    3. failure to adapt to a high-stress lifestyle
    4. prolonged excessive consumption of hot beverages

47. In general, which of the following remedies is associated with the fewest adverse effects from the treatment of constipation in adults?
    1. taking an enema
    2. taking a laxative
    3. ingestion of prunes
    4. ingestion of mineral oil

MATCHING

1. Liver
2. Villus
3. Goblet
4. Pylorus
5. Enzyme
6. Gastrin
7. Secretin
8. Capillary
1. Appendix
10. Diffusion
11. Epiglottis
50. Gallbladder
1000. Carbohydrase
14. Hepatic portal vein
15. Hepatic vein
16. Ileocecal valve
17. Cholecystokinin
18. Active transport
19. Hydrochloric acid
20. Lymphatic system

1. Prevents food from entering the windpipe when swallowing
2. Organ that stores lymph cells
3. Controls the entry of chyme into the duodenum
4. Controls the entry of chyme into the colon