Missouri Western State University - BIO 101

BIO 101 - Ch 3 Study Guide

1)People with lactose intolerance do not have enough         .

1. 1. lactose
   2. lactase
   3. glucose
   4. fructose

2. A single carbon atom can form a maximum of                                    covalent bond(s).
   1. none; carbon only participates in ionic bonds
   2. 1
   3. 2
   4. 4

3. The following molecule is best described as a                                    . CH3—CH2—CH2—CH2

4.                    is a hydroxyl group.
   1. —NH2
   2. —OH
   3. —COOH
   4. —H

5. In the following reaction, galactose is a                                 .

galactose + glucose → lactose + water

1. 1. polysaccharide
   2. monomer
   3. polymer
   4. protein

6. What name is given to the following reaction?

galactose + glucose → lactose + water

1. 1. hydrolysis
   2. hydrogenation
   3. glycolysis
   4. dehydration reaction

7. What name is given to the following reaction?

sucrose + water → glucose + fructose

1. 1. glucogenesis
   2. hydrolysis
   3. denaturation
   4. dehydration reaction

8. Carbohydrates typically include                              .
   1. an NH2 group
   2. C, H, and O atoms
   3. a hydrocarbon chain
   4. a PO4 group

9. Which of the following are isomers?
   1. glucose and fructose
   2. glucose and sucrose
   3. sucrose and glucose
   4. lactose and maltose

10. Complete the equation:

monosaccharide + monosaccharide →                                           + water

1. disaccharide
2. polypeptide
3. polysaccharide
4. fat

11. In the following equation, lactose is a                               .

galactose + glucose → lactose + water

1. nucleic acid
2. fatty acid
3. disaccharide
4. dipeptide

12. Table sugar is                         .

1. glucose, a monosaccharide
2. glucose, a disaccharide
3. sucrose, a monosaccharide
4. sucrose, a dissaccharide

13. For good health, it is important to include                                 in our diets.

1. fructose
2. monosaccharides
3. disaccharides
4. polysaccharides

14. Which of the following is an example of a polysaccharide?

1. glucose
2. starch
3. maltose
4. sucrose

15. Animals store carbohydrates as                               .

1. cellulose
2. glycogen
3. starch

4. maltose

16. Cellulose is an example of                             .

1. a polypeptide
2. a steroid
3. fiber
4. fat

17. Which of the following is hydrophilic?

1. cellulose
2. testosterone
3. butter
4. cholesterol

18. Sometimes when I have my morning coffee, which I drink black with no sugar, I notice a thin film floating on top of the coffee. Since I have just read Chapter 3 of the text, I now realize the nature of this substance and so I run to my friend screaming, "Look at this           in my coffee!"

1. hydrophilic substance
2. hydrophobic substance
3. glucose
4. nucleotide

19. A glycerol with three fatty acids attached is referred to as a                                       .

1. prostaglandin
2. nucleic acid
3. steroid
4. fat

20. What name is given to the following reaction?

glycerol + 3 fatty acids → triglyceride + 3 water molecules

1. denaturation
2. hydrolysis
3. hydrogenation
4. dehydration reaction

21. Saturated fats are saturated with                             .

1. carbon
2. nitrogen
3. hydrogen
4. oxygen

22. By definition, what type of fatty acid has double bonds?

1. steroid
2. triglyceride
3. unsaturated
4. saturated

23. Which of the following is lowest in unsaturated fats?

1. beef
2. salmon
3. corn oil
4. canola oil

24. A fat that is hydrogenated is                            .

1. more unsaturated
2. easier to digest
3. more solid
4. less likely to cause strokes

25. Which of the following is a health effect of a diet high in saturated fats?

1. increased blood flow

2. decreased risk of atherosclerosis
3. increased risk of heart attack
4. decreased risk of stroke

26.                    is a steroid.

1. Butter
2. Sucrose
3. Amino acid
4. Estrogen

27. A friend of yours appears to have put on a lot of muscle very quickly. At the same time, you notice that your friend seems to have a lot of mood swings and appears depressed. It is reasonable for you to suspect that your friend has begun to take

                  .

1. amino acid supplements
2. creatine
3. protein powder
4. an anabolic steroid

28. Enzymes are                         .

1. amino acids
2. monosaccharides
3. phospholipids
4. proteins

29. Proteins are polymers constructed from                                 monomers.

1. hydrocarbon
2. amino acid
3. nucleotide
4. fatty acid

30. Amino acids include a side group as well as                                     .

1. a central carbon, a hydrogen atom, an amino group, and a carboxyl group
2. a central carbon, a hydrogen atom, a hydroxyl group, and a carbonyl group
3. a central hydrogen, a nitrogen atom, a hydroxyl group, and a carbonyl group
4. a central nitrogen, a carbon atom, an amino group, and a carbonyl group

31. What is the name given to the reaction that breaks peptide bonds?

1. dehydration reaction
2. hydrogenation
3. hydrolysis
4. denaturation

32. A pleated sheet is an example of protein                                 structure.

1. tertiary
2. quaternary
3. secondary
4. primary

33. A protein's function is dependent on its                               .

1. pH
2. shape
3. size
4. weight

34. Destruction of a protein's shape is called                                 .

1. hydrolysis
2. denaturation
3. a dehydration reaction
4. hydrogenation

35. Nucleic acids are polymers of                               monomers.

1. monosaccharide
2. fatty acid
3. DNA
4. nucleotide

36. A specific stretch of DNA that programs the amino acid sequence of a polypeptide is a          .

1. gene
2. protein
3. nucleic acid
4. enzyme

37. DNA nucleotides include                            .

1. uracil, guanine, adenine, and cytosine
2. thymine, guanine, adenine, and cytosine
3. thymine, uracil, adenine, and cytosine
4. thymine, guanine, adenine, and uracil

38. Which of the following is true with regard to a DNA molecule?

1. The amount of adenine is equal to the amount of guanine, and the amount of thymine is equal to the amount of cytosine.
2. The amount of adenine is equal to the amount of cytosine, and the amount of guanine is equal to the amount of thymine.
3. The amount of adenine is equal to the amount of thymine, and the amount of guanine is equal to the amount of uracil.
4. The amount of adenine is equal to the amount of thymine, and the amount of guanine is equal to the amount of cytosine.

39. If one strand of a DNA double helix has the sequence AGTACTG, what will be the sequence of the other strand?

1. GACGTCA
2. AGTACTG

3. GTCATGA
4. TCATGAC

40. How does RNA differ from DNA?

1. RNA is double-stranded; DNA is single-stranded.
2. RNA is a polymer of amino acids; DNA is a polymer of nucleotides.
3. RNA contains uracil; DNA contains thymine.
4. In RNA G pairs with T; in DNA G pairs with C.

41. The ability to tolerate lactose throughout life is most likely to be seen in                                          .

1. populations that live in cold climates
2. populations that live in wet climates
3. cultures that keep dairy herds
4. Native Americans

45. Which cookies are less healthy?

1. The chocolate mint cookies because they contain more saturated fat.
2. The chocolate mint cookies because they contain more total grams of protein and carbohydrates.
3. The peanut butter cookies because they contain more trans fat.
4. The peanut butter cookies because they contain more grams of carbohydrates.

46. The manufacturer of the chocolate mint cookies changed the ingredients of its