Homework answers / question archive / PART 2

PART 2

Biology

Share With

PART 2. FREE-FORMAT QUESTIONS. Answer ANY TWO. of the following. (20 points each) Make sure to answer all parts of any question you choose. 1. (A) What are the signs of an inflammation response? What does each one do? (B) What is innate immunity, and how does it work? 2. Explain how and why anisogamy encourages the evolution of different forms of parental behavior in males and females of many species. 3. Explain how a nerve impulse travels along an axon. 4. The National Cancer Institute advises that a diet rich in foods containing vitamin A, vitamin C, and beta carotene will greatly reduce your risk of cancer. Why would this be so? GIVE AT LEAST TWO SEPARATE REASONS that include references to processes occurring at the cell and molecular level. 5. (A) What are some mechanisms by which tobacco causes harm? (Give at least 3-4 specific effects). (B) What are some mechanisms that drive many people to continue using tobacco despite their understanding of the harms? 6. Explain how interference with neural pathways in the brain can make a drug addictive; use at least three drugs (or types of drugs) as examples. 7. (A) Describe the Ames test (B) what important risks does it FAIL to detect? 8. Explain both: (A) why whole-grain products are preferable to refined carbohydrates, and (B) why certain lipids (specify which ones) are preferable to others. 9. Explain the concept of a demographic transition, including descriptions of its several stages. 10. (A) What does chemotherapy do? (B) When is it used, and why? (C) What problems are associated with chemotherapy? (D) Describe at least one measure to lessen these problems. 11. What are the several mechanisms by which specific immunity protects the body? Give details. 12. Describe at least four ways in which gene expression can be controlled. 13. Explain why it is beneficial: (A) to substitute plant proteins for animal proteins AND (B) to combine plant proteins from several sources. 14. Explain the three phases of the stress response and the several characteristic processes of each. 15. (A) List two or more diseases that can result from either too much or too little of a neurotransmitter. In each case, specify: (B) what neurotransmitter is involved, (C) whether the disease results from too much or too little of the neurotransmitter, and (D) how drugs or other treatments may help modify these conditions (specify the type of drug and its presumed mechanism of action in each case).