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1)The process of decision making involves several steps that can be divided into distinct categories

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1)The process of decision making involves several steps that can be divided into distinct categories. The formulation phase involves ________.                         

generating alternatives

diagnosing the factors affecting the problem or opportunity                      

selecting the preferred solution

implementing the decided course of action

QUESTION 2

Groups suffering from groupthink assume that individuals who remain silent agree with them. This symptom of groupthink is known as ________.

illusion of invulnerability

illusion of unanimity

illusion of morality

self-censorship

 

QUESTION 3

Which of the following defines a cross-functional team?

a group of people who prepare for and respond to any emergency incident

a self-organized semi-autonomous team whose members determine, plan, and manage their day-to-day activities and duties

a team consisting of people from the same department formed to solve a problem within the department

a work group composed of employees from different departments to work together on problem solving

QUESTION 4

Which of the following is an example of escalating commitment?                             

Polie is good at making hand-stitched decorative items like curtains, cushions, and so on. She starts selling them and notices that the demand for her items is increasing in neighboring areas. She hires two helpers and trains them to create more items to match the increasing demand.                      

Loana starts her dream restaurant without any business experience. After six months, it becomes clear that her restaurant is not a successful venture. Loana continues to invest in the restaurant because she feels that she can turn it into a successful venture.                              

Orlando, a senior manager in a manufacturing firm, wants to eliminate channel partners from the selling process. As a trial, he eliminates channel partners of one area of the city to see if it has an impact. This action results in increased sales in the area. Orlando then eliminates channel partners of the entire city and expects similar results.                             

Beth is a highly motivated individual. Her motivation not only helps her productivity at work, but also motivates her colleagues to work better than they normally do.

 

QUESTION 5

It is Christmas and Lora and her parents are shopping. Lora's attention is caught by a pair of Levi's jeans, which she immediately likes. Although there are several other brands available in the shelf and Levi's is comparatively expensive, Lora insists that Levi's jeans are better in quality and design. She manages to convince her parents that her choice is the best and buys the pair. This is an example of ________.            

perceptive distortion

selective perception

cognitive complexity

uncertainty absorption

 

QUESTION 6

Victims of groupthink tend to collectively rationalize and discount warning signs that should lead them to reconsider earlier decisions.

 True

 False

QUESTION 7

Managers must evaluate the change outcomes to know whether additional changes are needed and to understand if the particular approaches implemented should be used again in similar circumstances.

 True

 False

QUESTION 8

The organizational development approach has its roots in ________.                    

behavioral science research                       

information technology               

problem-solving methods                           

knowledge transfer methods

QUESTION 9

Google's purchase of YouTube exemplifies its ________ of the need to enhance its mission of organizing the world's information and making it universally useful and accessible.                       

proactive recognition                    

reactive recognition                       

cybernetic recognition                  

retroactive recognition

QUESTION 10

________ involves the identification, analysis, and comparison of the best practices of competitors against an organization's own practices.     

Proactive recognition                    

Corporate espionage                    

Benchmarking                  

Facilitation and support

QUESTION 11

When the economy weakens, most companies consider adding new services or products.

 True

 False

 

QUESTION 12

Due to the rise in the rates of obesity and lifestyle diseases like diabetes and hypertension, many people have begun opting for healthier diets. This has taken a toll on the fast food and beverage industry. This is an example of which of the following external forces of change?                           

change in technological developments                 

change in economic conditions                 

change in societal attitudes                        

change in legal and political issues

 

QUESTION 13

Which of the following characteristics is typically associated with a low-context culture?

Nonverbal cues are considered to be very important.                    

The rank of the receiver has a major influence on the message and the medium.                             

The message is more important than the medium.                         

More and greater adjustments are made in messages.

 

QUESTION 14

Liam is a college major from the University of Long Beach, California. He is forced to take a sabbatical from studies due to personal reasons and writes a detailed letter to his professor explaining the circumstances of his decision to discontinue the course. The medium of this communication between Liam and his professor is considered to be lean because ________.                      

Liam cannot receive a response from his professor immediately                               

the nature of the content of the communication is highly personal                          

Liam offers well-explained reasons for his decision to discontinue the course                    

a letter is a relatively more expensive mode of communication than e-mail

 

QUESTION 15

Culture cannot exist without communication, and human communication only occurs within a cultural context.

 True

 False

 

QUESTION 16

________ refers to the process of screening out some parts of an intended message because they contradict our beliefs or desires.           

Selective perception                     

Groupthink                        

Attribute substitution                   

Subjective validation

 

QUESTION 17

Which of the following situations is best suited for communication via a lean medium?                  

An airline plans to layoff a significant part of its ground crew.                     

A CEO wishes to announce the company's merger with a competitor.                    

A manager wants to postpone a scheduled meeting by a few days.                        

A team leader needs to address a "clear-the-air" meeting in the light of some team disharmony.

 

QUESTION 18

When verbal and nonverbal messages conflict, receivers often give more weight to the words used.

 True

 False

 

QUESTION 19

________ are commonly used for setting standards for repetitive, well-defined jobs.                  

Just-in-time systems                     

Time and motion studies                             

Work sampling techniques                         

Critical path methodologies

QUESTION 20

TQM uses only quantitative methods to promote "quality at the source."

 True

 False

 

QUESTION 21

Productivity is a measurement of how well an organization is using its resources to produce goods and services.

 True

 False

QUESTION 22

Which of the following leads to cost reduction?                

productivity                       

excess inventory                             

customer satisfaction                    

high demand

QUESTION 23

Continuous process improvement in an organization involves both incremental and breakthrough improvements in the way it does business.

 True

 False

QUESTION 24

________ is the measure of how well an organization is using its resources (inputs) to produce goods and services (outputs).          

Profit                    

Turnover                            

Productivity                       

Work standardization

QUESTION 25

Jay Larkin, Showtime VP, credits Showtime's _______ for his professional growth                          

training                

culture                 

mentoring program                       

development policies

QUESTION 26

Research shows that increased ______ potentially has somewhat negative effects on members' reaction to and interactions with each other                      

facilitation                          

incentives                          

diversity                              

control

QUESTION 27

The continual process of measuring products, services, and practices against the toughest competitors or those companies recognized as industry leaders is                       

total quality management.                         

benchmarking.                 

action planning.                               

reengineering.                 

management by objectives.

QUESTION 28

Which of the following is a defining characteristic of an organization that affects communication?            

Organizations are composed of only groups, rather than individuals.                      

Organizations have continuity through time.                      

Organizations have only integrated functions.

Organizations are oriented towards performance, rather than goals.

QUESTION 29

Upon discovering stronger-than-expected sales of its product, a manufacturer of baby food finds that senior citizens who wear dentures are buying the meals meant for toddlers. Consequently, the firm targets a new line of packaged meals to senior citizens. This case suggests managers should always ________.               

investigate positive differences between performance and standards                  

collapse similar, small market segments into one larger segment                              

design each product for maximum adjustability                

market every product to multiple customer segments

QUESTION 30

Focusing on a party's interests, not on their _________ , is a negation approach which can increase the likelihood of a successful negotiation                               

proposition                        

position                               

attitude                               

behavior

QUESTION 31

Which of the following is a feature of active listening?                   

Listeners should focus on the message rather than style of delivery.                      

Listeners should focus on the style of the delivery rather than the content of the message.                        

Listeners should focus on being understood first, before seeking to understand.                             

Listeners should have eye contact with speakers as it shows they understand the content of the communication.

QUESTION 32

Sales of photocopy machines manufactured by Xenon Ltd. have declined substantially, resulting in lower revenues. Most members of the core executive group blame unrealistic goals for this outcome. Which of the following is the strongest counterargument for this?                     

More revenue is being earned through service contracts than sales.                      

Competitors of Xenon are also facing a similar problem.               

Cost of labor has increased slightly in the past year.                        

Broad-based participation was used in setting the standards.

QUESTION 33

Which of the following questions is a matter of strategic scope for an organization?                        

What changes have to be made, in terms of policy, at the new manufacturing units in China?                     

How much money is to be allocated to the sales and marketing departments annually?                

How can the ratio of employees to supervisors be improved to increase productivity?                   

What can be done to employ more ethnic and gender minorities in the organization?

QUESTION 34

At Meridian Inc., employees are given general goals and basic budgets rather than policy manuals. Furthermore, it is expected that they will be strongly dedicated to the goals of the organization. Which control approach does Meridian Inc. use?                          

bureaucratic                      

commitment                     

operational                        

self-reliant

QUESTION 35

What determines whether a control is considered operational, tactical, or strategic?                      

its industry                         

its breadth of scope                       

its effect on profitability                              

its implementation schedule

QUESTION 36

At Meridian Inc., employees are given general goals and basic budgets rather than policy manuals. Furthermore, it is expected that they will be strongly dedicated to the goals of the organization. Which control approach does Meridian Inc. use?                          

bureaucratic                      

commitment                     

operational                        

self-reliant

QUESTION 37

The financial ratio of liquidity indicates how well the organization can meet its long-term financial obligations.

 True

 False

QUESTION 38

A manager can control without restricting.

 True

 False

QUESTION 39

Shared values and beliefs are the social requirements needed to support a system of bureaucratic control.

 True

 False

QUESTION 40

The degree of stretch in a budget refers to the ________.                         

resilience of the budget                               

tightness of the budget               

acceptability of the budget                         

standardization of the budget