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Chapter 5 Medical Technology:  1)The term e-health applied only to the electronic delivery of health care by qualified health care professionals

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Chapter 5 Medical Technology:

 1)The term e-health applied only to the electronic delivery of health care by qualified health care professionals.

2. The United Stated controls the diffusion of medical technology through central planning
3. American beliefs and values favors the development and use of new medical technology despite its cost
4. In the US, both patients and practitioners generally equate high-quality care with high intensity care.
5. Managed care has been found to limit useful technology, leading to negative health outcomes.
6. All technological innovations used in the delivery of medical care increases costs-
7. The ACA of 2010 imposes an excise tax on the sale of certain medical devices
8. Thanks to technology, HIV/AIDS has become a chronic disease.
9. The utilization of technology has a greater impact on total health care expenditures than the cost of acquiring technology
10. Technology has been credited with the overall reduction in the average length of inpatient hospital stays
11. The ACA of 2010 has provisions to allow the development of generic-like versions of biologics.
12. Decision making based on cost effectiveness about the use of medical technology is more prevalent in the US than in other industrialized countries

 

Chapter 6: Health Services Financing

Multiple  Choice

1.What is the Minimum Data Set (MDS)?

• • It is a data collection instrument used mainly for clinical research.

«     It facilitates the determination of case-mix groups in rehabilitation hospitals.

• It is a patient assessment instrument for skilled nursing facilities.
• It facilitates the determination of ambulatory payment classifications in outpatient centers.

 

2. What is the central role of health services financing in the United States?
   • Fund health insurance

• Underwrite medical risk

• Support managed care
• Balance the supply of health care professionals

 

3. What is the primary mechanism that enables people to obtain health care services?
   • Availability of services
   • Health insurance
   • Payment for services
   • Control of expenditures
4. The phenomenon called 'moral hazard' results directly from
   • the uninsured status of a segment of the U.S. population
   • inadequate payment to providers
   • managed care enrollment
   • health insurance coverage
5. Liberal reimbursement for a given technology will                                                innovation, diffusion, and

utilization of that technology.

• • decrease
• have no effect on
• increase

• prevent

6. Controlling total health care expenditures by restricting financing for health insurance

• Top-down control
• Demanding-side rationing
• Underwriting
• Underutilization

7. In national health care systems, total expenditures are controlled mainly through

• Cost shifting
• Underwriting
• Supply-side rationing
• Demain-side rationing

8. To Finance Medicare Part A

• Enrollees are requires to a subsidized premium
• Only employers are required to pay a payroll tax
• All income earned by a working person is subject to a medicare tax
• Employee wages taxed up to a certain ceiling that is raised each year.

9. In a general sense, what is the primary purpose of insurance?

• Predicting risk
• Risk assessment
• Protection against risk
• Underwriting

10. Private health insurance is also referred to as

• Mandatory health insurance
• Public insurance
• Employee health insurance
• Voluntary health insurance

 

 

 

11. Under Community rating

•  Premiums are based on risk rating
• Premiums are based on a groups utilization of health care services
• High-risk individuals pay a higher premium than low-risk individuals
• Both high-risk and low-risk people are charged the same premium

12. What is the main advantage of group insurance?

• More people can obtain insurance from a single insurer
• Risk is spread out among a large number of insured
• More comprehensive services can be covered than under an individual plan
• The employer has to deal with only one insurance company

13.  Self insurance was spurred by

• Employers
• Government policy
• Self-employed people
• Managed care organizations

14. The employee retirement income security act, 1974

• Exempts self-insured plans from certain mandatory benefits
• Mandates that employers provide comprehensive health coverage under their health insurance benefits
• Require that low-income individuals be charged a lower premium than those in high-income categories
• Outlawed discrimination in health insurance and retirement benefits

15. Adverse selection makes health insurance less affordable for

• Those in poor health
• Those covered by public insurance
• Those in good health
• High-risk individuals

 

 

Chapter 7  or

1. Historically, outpatient care has been independent from services provided in health care institutions
2. Women visit health care providers more often then men
3. Men report more chronic illness than women-
4. There is little distinction between the terms “outpatient” and “ambulatory”
5. Compared to tertiary care, primary care services are more complex and specialized
6. All ambulatory care is primary care
7. Primary care may play an important role in mitigating the adverse health effects of income inequality.
8. Delivery of health care with a central focus on specialization cannot maximize health.
9. The proliferation of health care delivery through managed care created a decreased demand for primary care physicians
10. Primary care practice is most industrialized countries is public.

 

 

Chapter 8

1. Inpatient care consist of

2.  To be called a hospital, a facility must have at least ___ beds.

3. The biggest share of national health spending is used by

4. The first hospitals in the unites states served mainly

5. The first voluntary hospitals in the United States were financed

6. Unlike the United States, the first hospitals in Europe were established by

7 .Which entity in hospital governance is legally responsible for the hospitals operations?

8. The first proprietary hospital in the united states were established by

9. Which primary factor was the trigger that made hospitals limit care to the more acute periods of illness rather than the full course of the disease?

10. What is the meaning of “excess capacity” in the health care inpatient sector?

11. What has been the effect of intense consolidation in certain hospital markets?

12. Who pioneered the transformation of nursing into a recognized profession?

13. The Hill-Burton Act was passed to