Question 1) What is the definition of “unconventional oil reserves”? Answers: A

Question

Question 1)

What is the definition of “unconventional oil reserves”?

Answers:	A. unrecoverable oil that is found in rock, sand, or clay whose extraction is cheap and environmentally sound
	B. recoverable oil that is found in rock, sand, or clay whose extraction is expensive and environmentally costly
	C. recoverable oil that is found in rock, sand, or clay whose extraction is cheap and environmentally sound
	D. unrecoverable oil that is found in rock below natural gas deposits
	E. unrecoverable oil that is found in deep below the ocean floor

Question 2

Peat, the precursor to coal formation, is typically formed in areas ____________.

Answers:	A. of rapid decomposition
	B. with low rates of decomposition
	C. in areas with highly oxygenated sediments
	D. with low temperatures
	E. with little vegetation

Question 3

________________ energy is the heat stored underground, contained in either rocks or fluids.

Answers:	A. Hydroelectric
	B. Geothermal
	C. Wind
	D. Biomass
	E. Solar

Question 4

How is a pressure water reactor different from a boiling water reactor?

Answers:	A. In a pressure water reactor, only the turbine is exposed to radiation during electricity production.
	B. In a boiling water reactor, steam is produced outside the reactor core.
	C. In a pressure water reactor, steam is produced in the reactor core itself.
	D. In a pressure water reactor, the steam that turns the turbine is not exposed to radiation.
	E. In a boiling water reactor, the water heated by fuel rods is never exposed to the turbine.

Question 5

The greatest environmental impact of burning fossil fuels is ________.

Answers:	A. the increase in greenhouse gases
	B. on the ozone layer
	C. the land damage from extraction
	D. the resulting carbonic acid, which leads to acid rain in areas downwind from power plants
	E. that we release carbon back into the carbon cycle, increasing the amount available for plant growth

Question 6

Which of the following are documented negative impacts of hydroelectric dams?

Answers:	A. increased water flow and decreased rainfall
	B. acid deposition and damage to fish breeding areas
	C. altered water flow and reduced issues with sedimentation and erosion
	D. habitat destruction and alteration of river sediment deposition
	E. alteration of river salinity and changes in pH

Question 7

Although it is clear that alternative energy sources such as bioethanol and biodiesel are reducing fossil fuel usage, ___________ is also a key strategy to reducing our dependence on fossil fuels.

Answers:	A. offshore exploration
	B. development of vertical farming
	C. conservation
	D. space exploration
	E. desalination

Question 8

Acid mine drainage is formed when water flows past exposed rocks that leach out ________________ that react with water and oxygen to form _______________.

Answers:	A. nitrates; acids
	B. sulfates; acids
	C. methane; acid
	D. carbonates; bases
	E. arsenic; bases

Question 9

Petrochemicals create the raw materials used to produce which of the following?

Answers:	A. pesticides
	B. plastics
	C. soaps
	D. medicines
	E. all of the above

Question 10

Nuclear energy is considered to be a “clean energy” because of all but which of the following?

Answers:	A. Sulfur dioxide is not produced.
	B. Less hot water is produced than by conventional power plants.
	C. NOx compounds are not released.
	D. Much less CO₂ (therefore, fewer greenhouse gases) are released.
	E. Particulates are not released.

Question 11

Natural gas is composed mainly of ________________.

Answers:	A. pyrosomes
	B. methane
	C. carbon monoxide
	D. carbon dioxide
	E. liquefied petroleum gas

Question 12

Where are spent fuel rods currently stored?

Answers:	A. in military waste disposal sites
	B. in underground in emptied magma chambers
	C. in on-site in steel-lined pools
	D. in long-term storage locations
	E. in developing countries

Question 13

The EROEI must be ____________ for any fuel to be worth harvesting.

Answers:	A. positive
	B. negative
	C. zero
	D. flexible
	E. unchangeable

Question 14

What makes solar energy an unreliable energy source?

Answers:	A. Photovoltaic cells have a lot of moving parts that produce noise.
	B. Sunlight is intermittent, especially in high latitude locations.
	C. It is still very expensive in terms of start-up costs.
	D. Both B and C
	E. All of the above

Question 15

_____________ is a term used to explain one problem arising from the use of both forests and grasslands as a source of biofuels.

Answers:	A. Over-harvesting
	B. Over-grazing
	C. Over-hauling
	D. Over-growing
	E. Over-producing

Question 16

_______________ involves removing the dirt and rock that overlays a mineral deposit close to the surface in order to access that deposit.

Answers:	A. Subsurface underground mining
	B. Surface strip mining
	C. Deep mining
	D. Hydraulic mining
	E. Fracking

Question 17

Which renewable resource supplies more electricity to the Canadian population than any other single renewable resource?

Answers:	A. wind
	B. geothermal
	C. hydroelectric
	D. biomass
	E. solar

Question 18

Which of the following is probably the most compelling reason to use unconventional sources of oil here in Canada and the United States?

Answers:	A. They are easier and cheaper to extract than conventional sources.
	B. They are cleaner to extract and burn than conventional sources.
	C. Their extraction is more environmentally friendly than conventional extraction.
	D. There are abundant reserves in North America.
	E. They have a higher EROEI than conventional sources.

Question 19

Which of the following choices is not true about coal?

Answers:	A. It has a high-energy content.
	B. Burning coal creates pollution.
	C. It is a renewable resource.
	D. Mining coal causes environmental damage.
	E. It is formed over time by the compression and heating of peat.

Question 20

All of the following are environmental drawbacks to the mining of coal except

Answers:	A. the damage to forests caused by mountain top removal
	B. the water and soil contamination by acid drainage
	C. the release of tons of toxic ash from incinerators
	D. soil compaction causing increased storm water runoff and flooding
	E. the burial and damage to streams caused by the dumping of overburden

Question 21

What does it mean if a country is “energy independent”?

Answers:	A. A country can pay to have all of its energy imported from other countries without having to borrow money.
	B. A country uses a hybrid plan of energy production and energy imports to provide a stable supply of electricity for its citizens.
	C. A country has access to enough reliable and affordable energy resources to meet its needs.
	D. A country can meet of all of its energy needs without importing any fuel.
	E. None of the above

Question 22

A massive tidal turbine went into operation in the Bay of Fundy on Tuesday November 22, 2016. It is expected to provide electricity for up to 500 homes in Nova Scotia. While this could be a significant source of renewable energy in the future especially if additional turbines are installed, there have been a variety concerns expressed over the installation of such large tidal turbines. Which of the following is a major concern in the Bay of Fundy?

Answers:	A. the likelihood of increased competition from other forms of renewable energy
	B. the potentially significant damage to lobster and other fisheries
	C. the impact of decreased electricity rates to local municipalities
	D. the involvement of more multinational corporations
	E. the discrimination within local communities for access to renewable energy

Question 23

Globally, food crops are being displaced by biofuel crops. Crops that normally were grown for either human or animal consumption are instead being grown for fuel. This switch has resulted in price increases and food riots. Which of the following crops has caused the most issues when switched from a food crop to a biofuel crop?

Answers:	A. potato
	B. soybean
	C. corn
	D. rice
	E. wheat

Question 24

What factors make wind energy imperfect as energy source?

Answers:	A. Wind is intermittent.
	B. Wind turbines are expensive to build.
	C. Wind turbines can create noise.
	D. Some people think turbines are an eyesore.
	E. All of the above

Question 25

Which of the following statements about the oil sands is not true?

Answers:	A. The oil sands trap a heavy, black oil called bitumen.
	B. Oil sands mining is more efficient than harvesting conventional sources of oil.
	C. Oil sands can be mined and processed to produce a substitute for petroleum.
	D. Canada has the world’s largest bitumen reservoir, but much of it is trapped in oil sands.
	E. All of the above

Question 26

Coal is a solid fossil fuel formed when plant material is buried in _______________ conditions and subjected to _________________ over a long time.

Answers:	A. oxygen-rich; high heat and pressure
	B. oxygen-poor; high heat and pressure
	C. oxygen-poor; low heat and pressure
	D. oxygen-rich; low heat and pressure
	E. none of the above describe the appropriate conditions

Question 27

___________________ energy is replenished over short time scales or is perpetually available.

Answers:	A. Non-renewable
	B. Sustainable
	C. Reusable
	D. Fossil fuel
	E. Renewable

Question 28

During fracking what is extracted from deep unconventional reserves?

Answers:	A. uranium
	B. bitumen
	C. coal
	D. natural gas
	E. tar

Question 29

Carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) technologies are described in the Interactive Activity 19.7 in Chapter 19. These technologies are going to be used in Saskatchewan as part of the approach for dealing with climate change. Which of the following is false about CCS?

Answers:	A. CCS takes CO₂ from the coal burning emissions using solvents before purification for industrial and commercial purposes.
	B. CCS concentrates CO₂ from the coal burning emissions using solvents that allow more efficient release to the surrounding air.
	C. CCS removes CO₂ from the emissions from coal burning and injects it into depleted oil and gas reservoirs or deep underground saline formations.
	D. CCS collects CO₂ from the emissions from coal burning and buries it in old or unminable coal seams.
	E. CCS technologies are still being developed but show promise as a way to continue to use coal as a source of electricity while reducing CO₂ emissions to the atmosphere.