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Literature review

Participant observation

Secondary data analysis

Dependent variables

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A practice of remaining impartial, without bias or judgment during the course of a study and in publishing results.

The study of evolving ethics and morals in relation to sociological research.

A systematic approach to record and value information gleaned from secondary data as it relates to the study at hand.

A study’s participants being randomly selected to serve as a representation of a larger population.

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To guarantee the safety of their participants

To maintain value neutrality

To ensure the financial gain of the researchers

To foster professionally responsible scholarship in sociology

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How well the study measures what it was designed to measure.

How long a study is expected to remain relevant and influential.

How close the study’s results come to the experimenter’s hypothesis.

A measure of a study’s consistency that considers how likely results are to be replicated if a study is reproduced.

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Research existing sources

Report results

Receive corroboration from the field

Formulate a hypothesis

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Tertiary data

Interactive data

Primary data

Secondary data

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Conducting a literature review prior to conducting an experiment

Drawing conclusions from a study which the hypothesis did not predict

Observing study participants without their consent

Using a control group and an experimental group during observation

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A basis for which sociologists determine whether their independent and dependent variables reflect the results.

A sociological research approach that seeks in-depth understanding of a topic or subject through observation or interaction; this approach is not based on hypothesis testing.

An established scholarly research method that involves asking a question, researching existing sources, forming a hypothesis, designing and conducting a study, and drawing conclusions.

Specific explanations of abstract concepts that a researcher plans to study

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Experimental group

Control group

Dependent variable

Independent variable

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It leads to in-depth knowledge of a participant’s social world.

It eliminates the need for a literature review.

It relies on statistics to determine causal relationships.

It prevents researchers from making unethical decisions.