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Exam One Introduction to Sociology 1

Sociology

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Exam One

Introduction to Sociology

1.      Sociology is the systematic study of:

 

           2.       The main focus of sociology is:

 

           3.         In the United States, manufacturing has __________ since the middle of the twentieth century, signaling a move out of the _______________ age.

 

           4.         According to the author, George Ritzer, no social change is as important today as _______________.

 

           5.         Starting in the 1950s, developed countries with capitalist economies began to shift from _______________ to _________________.

 

           6.         McDonaldization is a concept that describes:

           7.         One of the four defining characteristics of McDonaldization is predictability. What does predictability refer to here?

 

           8.         __________________________ is the ability to look at the social world from different perspectives.

 

           9.         Family and governmental hierarchies are two examples of _________________________.

 

           10.       Every society has a certain ________________, which dictates how that society's institutions are organized and which roles need to be filled within those organizations.

 

           11.       ______________ invented the term sociology.

 

           12.       How is sociology different from commonsense understandings of the social world?

 

           13.       __________ help sociologists make sense of social phenomena and understand important social issues.

 

           14.       __________________ is best known for her sociological works that pertained to women and feminism.

 

           15.       _________________ focused on the exploitation of workers in capitalist systems.

 

           16.       Marx believed that workers in the factories experienced __________________ as the owners of the factories reaped the vast majority of the rewards.

 

           17.       Karl Marx believed that over time the situation of capitalism would:

 

           18.       One of the main objectives of Max Weber's works was:

 

           19.       Max Weber's best-known piece of work is titled:

 

           20.       Max Weber analyzed capitalism, but his real interest was in the increase of:

 

           21.       When individuals are confused and unsure of the norms to follow, they fit with Durkheim’s definition of experiencing _____________.

 

           22.       Durkheim is the author of one of the most famous research studies in the history of sociology, titled _________________.

 

           23.       The work of social theorist ______________would be the most useful in trying to explain how a grocery store employee interacts with his boss.

 

           24.       The early sociologist who is best known for his studies pertaining to race, specifically the divisions that existed between blacks and whites, is _____________________.

 

           25.       Sociologists who use the __________________ framework focus on how societal institutions, such as our governmental system and health care system, are necessary and essential components to any society.

 

           26.       Structural-functionalism focuses its theories at the ________________ level of analysis.

 

           27.       ____________ sees society as held together by power and coercion.

 

           28.       Given a chance to study the homeless population in Chicago, symbolic interactionists would focus primarily on:

 

           29.       Words, gestures, and even objects that stand in for things are called:

 

           30.       When conducting a research study, sociologists follow the ___________________, which refers to a structured way to find answers to questions about the world.

 

           31.       The last step in the scientific method according to the text is to _______________________________.

 

           32.       Mary is a researcher who is conducting research on the relationship between college grades and the amount of time spent studying. She is going to conduct open-ended interviews. This is an example of a _________________research method.

 

           33.       A ________________ sample refers to the chance that everyone in the population has an equal chance of being selected.

 

           34.       Nonrandom samples used in survey research may:

 

           35.       If a researcher was to gather information regarding the divorce rate from the census and library documents, which research method is being utilized?

 

           36.       ____________________ refers to the degree to which a given question produces the same results time after time.

 

           37.       ___________________ is important when conducting a study because it ensures a question being asked is measuring what it is intended to measure.

 

38.  In the film “Expelled” with Ben Stein, the primary theme pertains to:

 

39.  In the film “Expelled”,

 

           40.       ___________ allow(s) a group of people or a society to carry out their collective lives in relative order and harmony.

 

           41.       Freedom of expression, democracy, and family are examples of _________________ in U.S. culture.

 

           42.       A formal norm or written code can also be classified as a:

 

           43.       John sprawls out in his middle airplane seat, hogging the armrests on either side as others board the flight in an effort to keep the seat to himself. He is violating which type of norm?

 

           44.       Avery uses her smartphone to cheat on a final exam. She is violating which type of norm?

 

           45.       The tangible forms or objects of culture are also referred to as ________________________.

 

           46.       The United States values equality, which represents __________________, yet racism, sexism, and ageism are still prevalent, which represents _________________.

 

           47.       When cultural differences are accepted and appreciated by both the state and the majority group, it is called __________________.

 

           48.       Bullfighting is seen as a barbaric sport to many Americans, but Mexicans are more likely to see it as part of their history and hold it in high regard. Understanding this sport from the viewpoint of Mexicans instead of the viewpoint of Americans would be an example of practicing ________________

 

           49.       Stina is raising her children in Sweden, a country that has outlawed spanking. Stina is friends with Sandra, who is American. Sandra does not understand why this law was passed by Sweden, because she believes that spanking, on occasion, is an acceptable form of punishment. Sandra also thinks that the state should not regulate how parents discipline their children. Sandra’s perspective is an example of:

 

           50.       John believes that democracy is the best form of government in the world and believes that every country should follow suit and create a democratic system. Based on this, John could be described as _________________________.

 

           51.       Every year, Americans spend billions on Christmas presents. Walmart, Target, and Kohl's are found in almost every state within the United States. This reflects the fact that the United States is a(n) ____________________________.

 

52.     “The Story of Stuff” is about

 

      53.     In the film “Story of Stuff”,  Dr. Anne Leonard states

 

           54.       According to most sociologists, what is the essential difference between humans and other animals?

 

           55.       The sociologist who developed the theory of “the looking-glass self” is:

 

           56.       George Herbert Mead believed that the self:

 

           57.       Mead's theory of how the self develops over time includes the ________ and the ________ stages.

 

           58.       According to Mead, gestures made only by humans are called:

 

           59.       The concept of dramaturgy was created by:

 

           60.       According to Mead and Goffman, which of the following is critical to the development of the self?

 

           61.       ____________________ is the view that social life is a series of performances, akin to those that take place in a theater and on a stage.

 

           62.       Mary goes on her first job interview after graduating from college. She gets up early that day to iron her clothes and fix her hair. According to Goffman, this is an example of _________________.

 

           63.       Many students feel as if the college classroom is their _____________ stage because they are concerned about how others view them and want to make sure that they correctly answer questions posed by the teacher.

 

           64.       John is a son, friend, father, and teacher. These are examples of John's _________________.

 

           65.       A _____ is a person’s position within a social system; a ___________is what is expected of a person in this position.

 

           66.       An example of a student's ___________ is when he/she studies for a test and takes notes.

 

           67.       Mary's boss doesn't want to give her a promotion because she is a woman. Mary's boss is prejudicial toward Mary because of her ______________________ status.

 

           68.       According to Simmel, a ________ is the most basic of interpersonal relationships.

 

           69.       According to Max Weber, a(n) _____________ is a highly rational organization and is highly efficient.

 

           70.       Capitalism and bureaucracy best exemplify what Max Weber meant by ___________.

 

           71.       According to Weber, a(n) __________________ is a model in which the degree of rationality is greatly exaggerated.

 

           72.       According to Weber, there are three different types of authority that vary by:

 

           73.       The Catholic pope is an example of which type of authority?

 

           74.       Martin Luther King Jr. is an example of which type of authority?

 

           75.       _______________ is a problem in bureaucracies where rules are adhered to automatically and needlessly, with the result of often slowing progress or increasing the amount or complexity of work.

 

           76.       Joan calls a computer company for assistance and gets transferred to several people through automated menus before she gets disconnected after 30 minutes. This is an example of _____________, often associated with bureaucracies.

 

           77.       When a country is ruled by a small group of people at the top who exercise a great deal of power, often obtained through illegitimate means, this is referred to as a(n) __________________.

 

           78.       Women face the _________________, in which they cannot get promoted past a certain level in bureaucratic organizations despite their qualifications.

 

           79.       Which sociologist differentiated between gemeinschaft and gesellschaft societies?

 

           80.       People who live in a large city, such as Los Angeles, may feel a sense of being disconnected from each other and a sense of impersonality. People living in these cities, according to the text, would be living in a ___________________________.