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There are three industrial firms in Happy Valley

Economics Jan 21, 2021

There are three industrial firms in Happy Valley.The government wants to reduce pollution to 90 units, so it gives each firm 30 tradable pollution permits.

Because firm (A,B, C) has the highest cost of reducing pollution by 1 unit, it would like to (sell 30 permits to, buy 30 permits from) another firm. Because firm (A,B, C) has the lowest cost of reducing pollution by 1 unit, it is willing to (sell 30 permits to, buy 30 permits from) the firm with the highest cost.Complete the second column of the following table by indicating who buys and sells permits in this case. Complete the fourth column of the table with the number of permits each firm ends up with after trading with the others. Next, subtract the number of permits from the initial pollution level to determine how many units of pollution reduction each firm has to complete, and enter these values into the fifth column of the table. Next, determine the total cost of reducing the pollution levels you determined in the previous column, and enter that into the final column of the table. Finally, add up the total pollution reduction costs for each firm and enter the total amount in the final cell of the total row in the following table.

NOTE: In the buys or sells columns, the options are buys, sells, or neither buys or sells.

If permits could not be traded, firm A would have to remove (number) units of pollution at a total cost of (number), firm B would have to remove (number) units of pollution at a total cost of (number), and firm C would have to remove (number) units of pollution at a total cost of (number) . The overall cost of reducing pollution in this case is (number), which is (higher, lower) than with tradable permits.Firm Initial Pollution Level Cost of Reducing Pollution by 1 Unit (Units) Dollars) 30 45 10 60 20

Expert Solution

Because firm C has the highest cost of reducing pollution by 1 unit, it would like to buy 30 permits from another firm. Because firm A has the lowest cost of reducing pollution by 1 unit, it is willing to sell 30 permits to the firm with the highest cost.

Firm Action Intial
Pollution
Permits after
Trade
Remaining
Pollution
Cost of
Reduction
Total Cost
A Sells 30 0 30 5 150
B Neither 45 30 15 10 150
C Buys 60 60 0 20 0

If permits could not be traded, firm A would have to remove 0 units of pollution at a total cost of 0, firm B would have to remove 15 units of pollution at a total cost of $150, and firm C would have to remove 30 units of pollution at a total cost of $600. The overall cost of reducing pollution in this case is $750, which is higher than with tradable permits.

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