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Homework answers / question archive / CHAPTER 2: Beginnings of English America, 1607-1660   MULTIPLE CHOICE        1

CHAPTER 2: Beginnings of English America, 1607-1660   MULTIPLE CHOICE        1

History

CHAPTER 2: Beginnings of English America, 1607-1660

 

MULTIPLE CHOICE

 

     1.   Religious dissension in England during the first half of the seventeenth century resulted in:

a.

a civil war.

b.

war with Spain.

c.

the pope visiting the monarchy in London.

d.

England not focusing on the monarchy.

e.

Henry VIII restoring Catholicism.

 

 

 

     2.   When comparing English colonies to Spanish ones:

a.

only Spain was interested in finding gold.

b.

England used Native Americans more for labor.

c.

England sent more people to the Americas in the seventeenth century.

d.

Spain relied much more on indentured servant labor.

e.

only England was interested in converting the Native Americans.

 

 

 

     3.   For Native Americans along the Atlantic Coast, disease and:

a.

European religion significantly transformed their societies.

b.

environmental factors dramatically altered their way of life.

c.

trade contradicted each other.

d.

Spanish incursions into the Chesapeake significantly altered their lives.

e.

English mining altered the landscape.

 

 

 

     4.   In regard to geography, English colonies:

a.

did not have good land for farming.

b.

were in colder climates than Spanish colonies.

c.

benefited from harbors on the Gulf of Mexico.

d.

had very little coastline.

e.

had virtually no water for irrigation of crops.

 

 

 

     5.   The Virginia Company can be called a failure primarily because:

a.

it ultimately did not make money.

b.

Jamestown suffered Native American attacks.

c.

Pocahontas died in England.

d.

King James criticized tobacco.

e.

Spain gained control of the company’s colony.

 

 

     6.   When comparing the Chesapeake colonies to the New England settlements:

a.

Virginia emphasized religion.

b.

New England had much more peaceful relations with the Native Americans.

c.

tobacco grew better in New England.

d.

there were more indentured servants in the Chesapeake region.

e.

in the beginning, Virginia had more women.

 

 

 

     7.   Who was most likely to build the best relationships with the Native Americans?

a.

Puritans.

d.

Pilgrims.

b.

Jamestown settlers.

e.

John Winthrop.

c.

Connecticut settlers.

 

 

 

 

     8.   The separation of church and state in Massachusetts during the seventeenth century:

a.

was strictly enforced.

b.

was similar to Virginia’s colonial government.

c.

is similar to the way the government is conducted in today’s United States.

d.

does not resemble today’s U.S. government.

e.

was influenced by the Dutch colonies.

 

 

 

     9.   ________ describes best the actions of the Puritan leaders in Massachusetts Bay.

a.

Fair-minded

d.

Lazy

b.

Loving

e.

Intolerant

c.

Irreligious

 

 

 

 

   10.   Anne Hutchinson’s trial demonstrated that:

a.

she wanted to be a church elder.

b.

God spoke directly to the church elders.

c.

she wanted to give the Native Americans land.

d.

she wanted to lead a group of settlers to Connecticut.

e.

church elders lacked tolerance.

 

 

   11.   Compared to the Chesapeake colonies, New England had more economic equality because it had more:

a.

cash crops.

d.

slaves.

b.

timber.

e.

religious toleration.

c.

landowners.

 

 

 

 

   12.   As the sixteenth century progressed in New England, the growing commerce:

a.

brought religious and economic values into conflict.

b.

increased church attendance.

c.

led to better relations between the English and the Native Americans.

d.

made the church elders the wealthiest people in society.

e.

resulted in new cash crops.

 

 

 

   13.   The Half-Way Covenant of 1662 addressed:

a.

separation of church and state.

d.

generational conflicts.

b.

freedom of religion.

e.

business relations.

c.

Native American relations.

 

 

 

 

   14.   At the heart of the English Civil War was:

a.

which family would rule the English throne.

b.

whether Puritans should separate from the Church of England.

c.

who should control the colonies in the New World.

d.

whether England should be an ally of Spain.

e.

a question of sovereignty in who would make decisions for the government.

 

 

 

   15.   Who would most admire today’s America with its constitutional protections of equal rights for all?

a.

Puritans.

d.

John Winthrop.

b.

Levellers.

e.

John Smith.

c.

Stuart kings.

 

 

 

 

   16.   In 1607, the colonists who sailed to Jamestown on three small ships:

a.

were funded entirely by the queen’s government.

b.

chose an inland site partly to avoid the possibility of attack by Spanish warships.

c.

were officers and sailors in the British Royal Navy.

d.

built a colony at Cape Henry in the mouth of Chesapeake Bay.

e.

were members of Puritan congregations in search of religious freedom.

 

 

 

   17.   The 104 settlers who remained in Virginia after the ships that brought them from England returned home:

a.

were all men, reflecting the Virginia Company’s interest in searching for gold as opposed to building a functioning society.

b.

included women and children, because the Virginia Company realized that a stable society would improve the settlers’ chances of success, economic and otherwise.

c.

included representatives of several other countries, part of England’s effort to build a strong network of supporters in case of Spanish attack.

d.

built the second permanent British settlement in North America after Roanoke.

e.

were only half of those who originally set sail; the rest turned around and went back.

 

 

 

   18.   Which of the following lists these colonies in the proper chronological order by the dates they were founded, from the earliest to the latest?

a.

Plymouth, Jamestown, Massachusetts Bay, Rhode Island.

b.

Plymouth, Massachusetts Bay, Rhode Island, Jamestown.

c.

Jamestown, Massachusetts Bay, Plymouth, Rhode Island.

d.

Massachusetts Bay, Plymouth, Rhode Island, Jamestown.

e.

Jamestown, Plymouth, Massachusetts Bay, Rhode Island.

 

 

 

   19.   Why did King Henry VIII break from the Catholic Church?

a.

The Pope had banned England from exploring the New World because the Church already had limited land ownership there to Spain and Portugal.

b.

He wanted a divorce, and the Pope refused to grant it.

c.

He was trying to unify Great Britain.

d.

He wanted to be pope, and the College of Cardinals refused to elect an English Catholic.

e.

He thought the Catholic Church was corrupt, and he wanted to protect the English people from its abuses.

 

 

 

   20.   Which of the following statements is true of Queen Mary of England, who took the throne in 1553?

a.

She ascended to the throne immediately after a long period of civil war and successfully unified the nation.

b.

Her refusal to marry led to her designation as “the Virgin Queen,” after whom Virginia was named.

c.

When the Pope refused to allow her to divorce her French royal husband, she founded an independent Church of England.

d.

She temporarily restored Catholicism as the state religion of England.

e.

Under her authority, colonists established the first permanent English settlement in North America.

 

 

 

   21.   Why did Sir Humphrey Gilbert and Sir Walter Raleigh fail in their attempts to colonize the New World?

a.

The government provided insufficient financial support.

b.

They were more interested in agriculture than in trade, and they chose areas without good farmland.

c.

They tried to set up colonies on the coast of Florida, and the Spanish fought off their attempts.

d.

Native Americans attacked the settlers, driving them from the land.

e.

They tried to mingle Protestants and Catholics, who were unable to get along.

 

 

 

   22.   During the reign of _______, the English government turned its attention to North America by granting charters to Humphrey Gilbert and Walter Raleigh for the establishment of colonies there.

a.

Henry VIII

d.

James II

b.

Mary I

e.

Elizabeth I

c.

James I

 

 

 

 

   23.   Just as the reconquest of Spain from the Moors established patterns that would be repeated in Spanish New World colonization, the methods used in which of the following countries anticipated policies England would undertake in America?

a.

Ireland.

d.

Scotland.

b.

India.

e.

Wales.

c.

China.

 

 

 

 

   24.   Why did England consider Spain its enemy by the late 1500s?

a.

Because of religious differences: England had officially broken with the Roman Catholic Church, while Spain was devoutly Catholic.

b.

Because of the Spanish Armada’s successful invasion of Great Britain in 1588.

c.

Because Spain had allied with France to invade English colonies in the New World.

d.

Because one of Henry VIII’s beheaded wives was a Spanish princess, and the Spanish government announced it would be at war with England until Henry apologized.

e.

Because both the English and Spanish royal families laid claim to the Irish throne.

 

 

 

   25.   How did Richard Hakluyt explain his claim that there was a connection between freedom and colonization?

a.

The English constitutional system would improve on Spain’s less structured system in the New World.

b.

English colonization would save the New World from Spanish tyranny.

c.

The only way to achieve true freedom was through wealth, and the abundant gold in the New World would make all Englishmen wealthy.

d.

A person was only truly free when outside the constraints of established societies such as those in Europe.

e.

He claimed no such connection; he saw them as separate and unrelated.

 

 

   26.   As a result of British landowners evicting peasants from their lands in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries:

a.

there was an increase in the number of jobless peasants, whom the British government aided with an early form of welfare.

b.

efforts were made to encourage those who had been evicted to settle in the New World, thereby easing the British population crisis.

c.

mass numbers of peasants converted from Protestantism to Catholicism, because the Catholic Church took better care of the poor.

d.

there was a sharp reduction in the number of sheep and other livestock.

e.

the spread of the Black Plague decreased because of the elimination of cramped living quarters.

 

 

 

   27.   What role did the “enclosure” movement play in sixteenth- and seventeenth-century England?

a.

It created a crisis where many people had no way to make a living.

b.

Queen Mary’s failure to address the problem helped lead to her overthrow.

c.

Spain reacted by launching an invasion of England.

d.

Poverty rates were worse in New England than England.

e.

The problem was such a crisis that Henry VIII authorized judges to order the jobless to work.

 

 

 

   28.   In England, the idea of working for wages:

a.

was so dishonorable that many refused to accept money for their work and instead received food and shelter.

b.

was associated with servility and the loss of liberty.

c.

was romanticized in ballads and tales.

d.

meant true freedom.

e.

grew more popular among the poor during the sixteenth century.

 

 

 

   29.   Of the half million people who left England between 1607 and 1700, which area in the Western Hemisphere received the most settlers?

a.

Ireland.

d.

New England.

b.

Chesapeake region.

e.

Middle Colonies.

c.

West Indies.

 

 

 

 

   30.   When comparing English colonies to Spanish ones:

a.

only Spain was interested in finding gold.

b.

England used Native Americans more for labor.

c.

England sent more people to the Americas in the seventeenth century.

d.

Spain relied much more on indentured servant labor.

e.

only England was interested in converting the Native Americans.

 

 

 

   31.   Most seventeenth-century migrants to North America from England:

a.

arrived with other members of their families.

b.

were single, middle-class men.

c.

were lower-class men.

d.

had been released from debtors’ prisons.

e.

sought to escape the Black Death then ravaging England.

 

 

 

   32.   During the seventeenth century, indentured servants:

a.

made up less than one-third of English settlers in America.

b.

had to surrender their freedom for a minimum of ten years to come to the colonies.

c.

suffered a high death rate.

d.

had to pay half of the fare to get them to the New World.

e.

were almost entirely Irish.

 

 

 

   33.   How did indentured servants display a fondness for freedom?

a.

They became abolitionists, fighting to end slavery in British North America.

b.

Some of them ran away or were disobedient to their masters.

c.

They sent letters home telling their fellow Englishmen that the American colonies offered special opportunities for freedom.

d.

They insisted on their right to serve in the militia, because they believed in the right to bear arms.

e.

They published pamphlets criticizing their masters, displaying their love of free speech.

 

 

 

   34.   Intermarriage between English colonists and Native Americans in Virginia:

a.

began with the wedding of John Smith and Pocahontas.

b.

was common.

c.

was very rare before being outlawed by the Virginia legislature in 1691.

d.

created a mixed race of Native Americans who often wound up enslaved.

e.

produced a member of a British royal family who became an Indian chief.

 

 

   35.   Which of the following best describes how the English viewed Native American ties to the land?

a.

Although they felt the natives had no claim since they did not cultivate or improve the land, the English usually bought their land, albeit through treaties they forced on Indians.

b.

They simply tried to wipe out Native Americans and then took their land.

c.

They encouraged settlers to move onto Native American land and take it.

d.

They totally respected those ties and let the natives stay in all rural areas, negotiating settlements to obtain the coastal lands.

e.

The English offered natives the chance to remain on the land as slaves and, when this offer was declined, forced them off of it.

 

 

 

   36.   In regard to conflicts, which European power was most thorough at removing Indians from the land?

a.

Portugal.

d.

France.

b.

Spain.

e.

Netherlands.

c.

England.

 

 

 

 

   37.   Who received most of the profits from trade between Native Americans and colonists?

a.

Native Americans.

d.

The king.

b.

English soldiers.

e.

Parliament.

c.

Colonial and European merchants.

 

 

 

 

   38.   In regard to geography, English colonies:

a.

did not have good land for farming.

b.

were in colder climates than Spanish colonies.

c.

benefited from harbors on the Gulf of Mexico.

d.

had very little coastline.

e.

had virtually no water for irrigation of crops.

 

 

   39.   Which English group did the most to reshape Native American society and culture in the seventeenth century?

a.

Traders.

d.

Settlers farming the land.

b.

Religious missionaries.

e.

The Royal Geographical Society.

c.

Colonial authorities.

 

 

 

 

   40.   For Native Americans along the Atlantic Coast, disease and:

a.

European religion significantly transformed their societies.

b.

environmental factors dramatically altered their way of life.

c.

trade contradicted each other.

d.

Spanish incursions into the Chesapeake significantly altered their lives.

e.

English mining altered the landscape.

 

 

 

   41.   Why was the death rate in early Jamestown incredibly high?

a.

It lay beside a malarial swamp.

b.

The ample food was full of botulism.

c.

It was not high; most of the colonists survived.

d.

Constant Native American attacks decimated the population.

e.

Disease and lack of food took a heavy toll.

 

   42.   As leader of the Jamestown Colony, John Smith:

a.

was a failure and had to return to England.

b.

improved relations with Native Americans by marrying Pocahontas.

c.

used rigorous military discipline to hold the colony together.

d.

used an elaborate reward system to persuade colonists to work.

e.

set up the first representative assembly in the New World.

 

 

 

   43.   How did the Virginia Company reshape the colony’s development?

a.

It instituted the headright system, giving fifty acres of land to each colonist who paid for his own or another’s passage.

b.

It fired John Smith and brought in a more popular leader.

c.

It gave control back to the king, who straightened out its problems.

d.

It required all settlers to grow tobacco, a highly profitable crop.

e.

It created an executive committee that really ran the colony and a committee of colonists who thought they were running it.

 

 

 

   44.   The Virginia House of Burgesses:

a.

was dissolved by King James because he objected to all representative government.

b.

was created to replace military control.

c.

banned the importation of servants.

d.

had more power than the governor.

e.

was included in the original charter for the Jamestown Colony.

 

 

 

   45.   The Native American leader Powhatan:

a.

tried to avoid trade with the colonists because he believed it would destroy Native American culture.

b.

managed to consolidate control over thousands of Indians.

c.

was the brother of Pocahontas.

d.

invited the colonists to feasts with his tribe and then slaughtered eighty Virginia settlers.

e.

won the respect of the colonists when he defeated John Smith in a wrestling match.

 

 

   46.   How did Pocahontas play a key role in Jamestown society?

a.

She served as an intermediary between Powhatan and English leaders.

b.

Her marriage to John Rolfe led to many more interracial marriages between Indians and the English.

c.

She was denied entry to James I’s court.

d.

She caused King James I to denounce John Rolfe.

e.

Her conversion to Christianity led to the majority of people in her village switching to the Church of England.

 

 

   47.   It can be argued that conflict between the English settlers and local Indians in Virginia became inevitable when:

a.

the Native Americans realized that England wanted to establish a permanent and constantly expanding colony, not just a trading post.

b.

Pocahontas married John Rolfe.

c.

the House of Burgesses passed a law ordering Native Americans out of the colony.

d.

Powhatan led an attack against the English settlers in 1644.

e.

Spain formed a military alliance with Powhatan.

 

 

 

   48.   Opechancanough:

a.

emphasized peaceful relations with the English colonists in Virginia.

b.

was responsible for his brother Powhatan’s death.

c.

killed John Smith.

d.

mounted a surprise attack against Plymouth in the 1620s.

e.

opposed through violence English settlement of Virginia.

 

 

 

   49.   To solidify control of Virginia, what did the English do?

a.

They sold land and slaves to the Indians.

b.

They murdered Powhatan and Pocahontas.

c.

They turned Virginia into a royal colony and banned all private sales of tobacco.

d.

They enslaved the majority of Indians and brought back John Smith as governor in the 1640s.

e.

They put the colony under the control of the crown.

 

 

 

   50.   The Virginia Company can be called a failure primarily because:

a.

it ultimately did not make money.

b.

Jamestown suffered Native American attacks.

c.

Pocahontas died in England.

d.

King James criticized tobacco.

e.

Spain gained control of the company’s colony.

 

 

 

   51.   What was Virginia’s “gold,” which ensured its survival and prosperity?

a.

Cotton.

d.

Indigo.

b.

Fur.

e.

Sugar.

c.

Tobacco.

 

 

 

 

   52.   Tobacco production in Virginia:

a.

enriched an emerging class of planters and certain members of the colonial government.

b.

benefited from the endorsement of King James I.

c.

declined after its original success, as Europeans learned the dangers of smoking.

d.

resulted in more unified settlements, thanks to tobacco’s propensity to grow only in certain areas of Virginia.

e.

was under the control of two planters, Walter Raleigh and the Earl of Kent.

 

 

 

   53.   When comparing the Chesapeake colonies to the New England settlements:

a.

Virginia emphasized religion.

b.

New England had much more peaceful relations with the Native Americans.

c.

tobacco grew better in New England.

d.

there were more indentured servants in the Chesapeake region.

e.

in the beginning, Virginia had more women.

 

 

 

   54.   Why did many women in Virginia not start a family until their mid-twenties?

a.

Women mostly came to Virginia as indentured servants.

b.

Women were busy running the family business.

c.

Women outnumbered men, so they had a difficult time finding a husband.

d.

Women focused on doing work for the church.

e.

Women and men were not together often due to men fighting in wars with Indians.

 

 

 

   55.   Maryland was similar to Virginia in that:

a.

both started out as proprietary colonies.

b.

tobacco proved crucial to its economy and society.

c.

John Smith had to take over the colony and organize its settlers to work.

d.

both offered settlers total religious freedom.

e.

the king approved the creation of each colony only because of pressure from Parliament.

 

 

 

   56.   Maryland’s founder, Cecilius Calvert:

a.

held most of the power in the colony.

b.

supported total religious freedom for all the colony’s inhabitants.

c.

gave a great deal of power to the elected assembly but not to the royal governor.

d.

lost ownership of the colony and died a pauper.

e.

actually hated Catholics, which is why he set up a colony for them in a swamp.

 

 

 

   57.   Maryland was established as a refuge for which group?

a.

Quakers.

d.

Native Americans.

b.

Puritans.

e.

Catholics.

c.

Pilgrims.

 

 

 

 

   58.   Which of the following is true of the Puritans of the seventeenth century?

a.

They were completely unified on all issues.

b.

They agreed that the Church of England retained too many elements of Catholicism in its rituals and doctrines.

c.

They differed completely with the views of the Church of England.

d.

They came to the colonies because they had no hope of holding any power in England.

e.

John Winthrop founded the church.

 

 

 

   59.   What was at the center of the religious doctrine of John Calvin?

a.

The Catholic Church needed to stop using the sale of indulgences.

b.

The hierarchy of the congregation started from the top down.

c.

Conversion of Indians must be emphasized.

d.

It was predetermined by God who was going to receive salvation.

e.

Performing good works on a consistent basis was the only clear path to heaven.

 

 

 

   60.   Why did Puritans decide to emigrate from England in the late 1620s and 1630s?

a.

Because so many of them had become separatists, they had to leave England to save their church.

b.

Charles I had started supporting them, creating conflicts with Catholic nobles.

c.

The Church of England was firing their ministers and censoring their writings.

d.

Puritan leader John Winthrop wanted a high-level position, and leaving England was the only way for him to get it.

e.

The Poor Law of 1623 banned non-Catholics from receiving government aid.

 

 

   61.   What was Puritan leader and Massachusetts Bay governor John Winthrop’s attitude toward liberty?

a.

He saw two kinds of liberty: natural liberty, the ability to do evil, and moral liberty, the ability to do good.

b.

He saw two kinds of liberty: negative liberty, the restricting of freedoms for the sake of others, and positive liberty, the assuring of rights through a constitution.

c.

He believed that individual rights took precedence over the rights of the community.

d.

He believed in a dictatorship, with only himself in charge of it.

e.

He believed “liberty” had a religious but not a political meaning.

 

 

 

   62.   Where in the Americas did the Pilgrims originally plan to go?

a.

New Netherland.

d.

Virginia.

b.

Plymouth Rock.

e.

Pennsylvania.

c.

Boston.

 

 

 

 

   63.   The Mayflower Compact established:

a.

religious toleration and freedom in Massachusetts.

b.

the right to emigrate to America.

c.

a company chartered to settle New England.

d.

a civil government for Plymouth Colony.

e.

peaceful relations between English colonists and Indians in Rhode Island.

 

 

 

   64.   What benefited the Pilgrims when they landed at Plymouth?

a.

They met a Native American, Opechancanough, who helped them.

b.

It was the late spring, so it was planting season.

c.

Native Americans, decimated by disease, had left behind cleared fields for farming.

d.

The local Indian leader considered the English to be divine.

e.

John Smith arrived to help organize them.

 

 

   65.   Who was most likely to build the best relationships with the Native Americans?

a.

Puritans.

d.

Pilgrims.

b.

Jamestown settlers.

e.

John Winthrop.

c.

Connecticut settlers.

 

 

 

 

   66.   In contrast to the Chesapeake region, the population in New England:

a.

did not stress family-based activities.

b.

focused on rice and tobacco.

c.

grew rapidly because of healthier surroundings.

d.

included even fewer women.

e.

was not as deeply religious.

 

 

 

   67.   The Puritans believed that male authority in the household was:

a.

an outdated idea.

b.

to be unquestioned.

c.

so absolute that a husband could order the murder of his wife.

d.

not supposed to resemble God’s authority in any way, because that would be blasphemous.

e.

limited only by the number of children—the more, the better.

 

 

 

   68.   In early seventeenth-century Massachusetts, freeman status was granted to adult males who:

a.

owned land, regardless of their church membership.

b.

had served their term as indentured servants.

c.

were freed slaves.

d.

were landowning church members.

e.

voted.

 

 

 

   69.   The Massachusetts General Court:

a.

reflected the Puritans’ desire to govern the colony without outside interference.

b.

was chosen by the king.

c.

was chosen by the governor.

d.

ruled the colony from its beginnings in 1630.

e.

by law had to consist of a majority of Puritan judges.

 

 

 

   70.   In what way was Puritan church membership a restrictive status?

a.

Only those who could prove they had received formal education could be members, because the ability to read and discuss sermons was so highly valued.

b.

Although all adult male property owners elected colonial officials, only men who were full church members could vote in local elections.

c.

Only property owners could be full members of the church.

d.

Full membership required demonstrating that one had experienced divine grace.

e.

Full membership required that one’s parents and grandparents had been church members.

 

 

 

   71.   How did most Puritans view the separation of church and state?

a.

They were so determined to keep them apart that they banned ministers from holding office, fearing that they would enact proreligious legislation.

b.

They allowed church and state to be interconnected by requiring each town to establish a church and levy a tax to support the minister.

c.

The Massachusetts Bay Colony endorsed the Puritan faith but allowed anyone the freedom to practice or not practice religion.

d.

They had never even heard of the concept.

e.

They invented the concept but refused to indulge in it.

 

 

 

   72.   The separation of church and state in Massachusetts during the seventeenth century:

a.

was strictly enforced.

b.

was similar to Virginia’s colonial government.

c.

is similar to the way the government is conducted in today’s United States.

d.

does not resemble today’s U.S. society.

e.

was influenced by the Dutch colonies.

 

 

 

   73.   ________ described best the actions of the Puritan leaders in Massachusetts Bay.

a.

Fair-minded

d.

Lazy

b.

Loving

e.

Intolerant

c.

Irreligious

 

 

 

 

   74.   Roger Williams argued that:

a.

church and state must be totally separated.

b.

Puritans must stay in the Church of England and reform it.

c.

religious wars were necessary to protect not only religion, but also freedom.

d.

Puritans were on a divine mission to spread the true faith.

e.

only John Winthrop was capable of explaining the word of God.

 

 

 

   75.   When Roger Williams established the colony of Rhode Island:

a.

he required voters there to be members of a Puritan church.

b.

the king refused to give it a charter, and it remained a renegade colony until Williams died.

c.

he made sure that it was more democratic than Massachusetts Bay.

d.

he felt that too much democracy would be bad because it might interfere with religious freedom.

e.

the colony became a haven for Protestants of all kinds, but it banned Jews.

 

 

 

   76.   The minister Thomas Hooker:

a.

wanted the separation of church and state in Rhode Island.

b.

was the first governor of Massachusetts.

c.

agreed with Anne Hutchinson’s challenges to the Puritan church elders.

d.

pointed the way to the rock on shore that Plymouth Colony was founded on.

e.

expanded the number of men who could vote in Connecticut.

 

 

 

   77.   Anne Hutchinson:

a.

was no threat to the Puritan establishment because women were so clearly considered inferior.

b.

angered Puritan authorities by supporting the claims of Roger Williams.

c.

engaged in Antinomianism, a sexual practice that the Puritans considered threatening to traditional gender relations.

d.

opposed Puritan ministers who distinguished saints from the damned through good works and devotional practices rather than through focusing on an inner state of grace.

e.

would have been left alone if she had not also run for a seat in the General Court.

 

 

 

   78.   Anne Hutchinson’s trial demonstrated that:

a.

she wanted to be a church elder.

b.

God spoke directly to the church elders.

c.

she wanted to give the Native Americans land.

d.

she wanted to lead a group of settlers to Connecticut.

e.

church elders lacked tolerance.

 

 

 

   79.   For most New Englanders, Indians represented:

a.

savagery.

d.

culture.

b.

teachers.

e.

survival.

c.

curiosities.

 

 

 

 

   80.   What did Mary Rowlandson’s book demonstrate?

a.

The brutality of New England Indians.

b.

The strong pull of being part of the Puritan society.

c.

The importance of questioning the church elders.

d.

The significance of the separation of church and state.

e.

The appeal of joining an Indian community.

 

 

   81.   The significance of the Pequot War of 1637 was that:

a.

the Pequots were forced to pay reparations for the damage they caused New England settlers.

b.

the Narragansetts joined the Pequots to fight the Puritans, leading to the elimination of both tribes.

c.

the Pequots lost, but survived to become a valuable ally of the Puritans.

d.

the brutishness and ferocity of the colonists surprised New England tribes.

e.

the Pequots defeated the Puritans in a battle that temporarily drove the Massachusetts Bay settlers into Plymouth Colony.

 

 

 

   82.   In the seventeenth century, New England’s economy:

a.

grew at a very slow rate because few settlers moved to the region.

b.

suffered because most early settlers were poor and could not gain access to land.

c.

focused on the export of fish and timber.

d.

boasted a significant manufacturing component that employed close to one-third of all men.

e.

relied heavily on indentured servants in the labor force.

 

 

 

   83.   Boston merchants:

a.

challenged the subordination of economic activity to Puritan control.

b.

refused to trade with anyone outside the Puritan faith.

c.

paid for Anne Hutchinson’s prosecution.

d.

had enjoyed widespread freedom to trade since the establishment of the colony.

e.

controlled John Winthrop.

 

 

 

   84.   The Half-Way Covenant of 1662:

a.

set up civil government in Massachusetts.

b.

allowed Baptists and Quakers to attend, but not join, Puritan churches.

c.

gave women limited voting rights in Puritan congregations.

d.

permitted anyone who paid a tithe to be baptized in a Puritan church.

e.

did not require evidence of conversion to grant a kind of church membership.

 

 

 

   85.   The Magna Carta:

a.

was an agreement between King Henry VIII and the Anglican Church.

b.

guaranteed religious freedom in Great Britain.

c.

granted a series of liberties, but mainly to lords and barons.

d.

was seen as embodying English freedom until Parliament repealed it in 1722.

e.

was, like the English Constitution, unwritten.

 

 

 

   86.   A central element in the definition of English liberty was:

a.

the right to a trial by jury.

b.

the right to self-incrimination.

c.

that each English citizen owned a copy of the English Constitution.

d.

freedom of expression.

e.

what an individual king or queen said it was.

 

 

 

   87.   In the battles between Parliament and the Stuart kings, English freedom:

a.

played a minimal role.

b.

greatly expanded amid the debate over which of these groups should be elected.

c.

remained an important and much-debated concept even after Charles I was beheaded.

d.

was the excuse given for restoring Charles II in 1685.

e.

led to the overthrow of James III in 1700.

 

 

 

   88.   In the 1640s, leaders of the House of Commons:

a.

accused the king of imposing taxes without parliamentary consent.

b.

supported efforts to move England back to Catholicism.

c.

aided Charles I in overthrowing his father, James I.

d.

opposed Oliver Cromwell’s “Commonwealth” government.

e.

refused to allow new colonists to emigrate to America.

 

 

 

   89.   During the English political upheaval between 1640 and 1660:

a.

new religious sects began demanding the end of public financing and special privileges for the Anglican Church.

b.

groups began calling for the elimination of a written English constitution on the grounds that kings merely abused its privileges.

c.

writer John Milton called for an end to freedom of speech and freedom of the press, because it caused too much controversy.

d.

the execution of King Charles II led to new debates about crime and punishment.

e.

thousands of American colonists returned to England to participate in the Civil War.

 

 

 

   90.   The Levellers:

a.

got their name for knocking down (leveling) the Parliament building.

b.

called for the strengthening of freedom and democracy at a time when those principles were seen as possibly contributing to anarchy.

c.

opposed a written constitution on the grounds that it institutionalized social inequality.

d.

proposed to abolish Parliament.

e.

claimed the world was flat or level.

 

 

 

   91.   The Diggers of Great Britain:

a.

proposed building a tunnel to Rome to surprise and overpower the Catholic Church, thereby eliminating a source of controversy in English society.

b.

sought to eliminate male ownership of land as a means of promoting social equality for women.

c.

influenced the development of the American colonies, because some of their members and ideas crossed the Atlantic to the New World.

d.

executed King James I.

e.

overthrew parliamentary forces in 1642.

 

 

 

   92.   Which of the following is true of the Puritans’ dealings with Quakers?

a.

Their officials in Massachusetts punished Quakers financially and physically, even hanging several of them.

b.

They welcomed the Quakers and thus were happy to help them set up the Pennsylvania colony.

c.

They fought Charles II’s efforts to oppress and suppress Quakers.

d.

They passed a law ordering all Quakers to leave Massachusetts or face imminent death.

e.

They resented the Quakers for their shrewd business practices.

 

 

   93.   Which colony adopted the Act Concerning Religion in 1649, which institutionalized the principle of religious toleration?

a.

Virginia.

d.

Rhode Island.

b.

Maryland.

e.

Connecticut.

c.

Massachusetts.

 

 

 

 

   94.   In the 1650s, who pushed England toward a policy of expanding territory and commercialism?

a.

Oliver Cromwell.

d.

Charles II.

b.

John Smith.

e.

James I.

c.

Charles I.

 

 

 

 

MATCHING

 

TEST 1

 

Match the person or term with the with the correct description.

 

a.

proprietor of Maryland

b.

intermediary

c.

introduced West Indies tobacco

d.

leader of Indians near Jamestown

e.

governor of Massachusetts

f.

his settlement at Roanoke Island failed

g.

was denounced for Antinomianism

h.

Indian who helped the Pilgrims

i.

French-born theologian who influenced the Puritans

j.

established Rhode Island

k.

A Discourse Concerning Western Planting

l.

early leader of Jamestown

 

 

     1.   Squanto

 

     2.   John Smith

 

     3.   Anne Hutchinson

 

     4.   Powhatan

 

     5.   John Calvin

 

     6.   Roger Williams

 

     7.   Cecilius Calvert

 

     8.   John Winthrop

 

     9.   John Rolfe

 

   10.   Pocahontas

 

   11.   Walter Raleigh

 

   12.   Richard Hakluyt

 

TEST 2

 

Match the person or term with the with the correct description.

 

a.

principles of religious toleration

b.

believed the spirit of God dwelled in all persons

c.

gave five to seven years of service for passage to America

d.

first elected assembly in colonial America

e.

charter company that established Jamestown

f.

first written frame of government in British America

g.

a religious compromise for the descendants of the Great Migration

h.

primary crop of the Chesapeake colonies

i.

argued that the Church of England was still too Catholic

j.

granted fifty acres to anyone who paid his own passage

k.

a political movement favoring expanded liberties

l.

written in 1215, this document was said to embody English freedom

 

 

   13.   Virginia Company

 

   14.   an Act Concerning Religion

 

   15.   Puritans

 

   16.   tobacco

 

   17.   Mayflower Compact

 

   18.   headright system

 

   19.   Quakers

 

   20.   indentured servant

 

   21.   House of Burgesses

 

   22.   Half-Way Covenant

 

   23.   Magna Carta

 

   24.   Levellers

 

TRUE/FALSE

 

     1.   Jamestown was originally settled only by men.

 

 

     2.   A Discourse Concerning Western Planting argued that English settlement of North America would strike a blow against Spain.

 

 

     3.   As enclosure of land resulted in fewer farmers, many of these people moved to English cities, becoming jobless and causing vagrancy.

 

     4.   The English increasingly viewed America as a land where a man could control his own labor and thus gain independence.

 

 

     5.   Indians mostly traded furs and animal skins for European goods.

 

 

     6.   Growing connections with Europeans lessened warfare between Indian tribes.

 

 

     7.   Early settlers of Jamestown preferred gold to farming.

 

     8.   The headright system led to fewer people from England coming to Virginia.

 

     9.   The romance between Pocahontas and John Smith led to their marrying in England, where she then died.

 

 

   10.   The Virginia Company accomplished its goals for the shareholders and for its settlers.

 

 

   11.   Believing that tobacco was harmful to one’s health, King James I warned against its use.

 

 

   12.   Women in the early Virginia colony consisted of about half the white population.

 

 

   13.   Virginia women who were femme sol were more likely to have the opportunity to conduct business.

 

 

   14.   Puritans believed that the Church of England was not in need of reform.

 

 

   15.   The Pilgrims intended to set sail for Cape Cod in 1620.

 

   16.   Most of the settlers of early Massachusetts were single adult males.

 

   17.   Under English law, married women held many legal rights and privileges.

 

 

   18.   Religious toleration violated the Puritan understanding of moral liberty.

 

 

   19.   Roger Williams imagined Rhode Island with settlers who all belonged to one official church.

 

 

   20.   To the Puritan leaders, Indians were savages and immoral.

 

 

   21.   In British America, unlike other New World empires, Indians performed most of the labor in the colonies.

 

 

   22.   The English Civil War resulted in Charles I remaining on the throne.

 

 

   23.   After the English Civil War, discussions started about what it meant to be “freeborn Englishmen.”

 

 

   24.   Oliver Cromwell used military force to control Ireland.

 

 

   25.   Even Jewish people enjoyed religious freedom under Maryland’s Act Concerning Religion.

 

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