The statement is true. Cheating can occur even if managers have not made any explicit or implicit arrangements to cooperate.

Cheating can be defined as giving false information about something or someone. Whether managers give explicit (indicated clearly and in detail) or implicit (not clearly decided but suggested) arrangements to cooperate, employees might still cheat depending on the situation at hand. Employees might cheat to remain on the managers' good side and avoid trouble whether instructions are clearly stated or not. They may also cheat if they did not clearly follow the instructions given or did not understand and did not ask for clarity. Cheating may not be the solution to solve a situation, but many people prefer it when they want to get out of a situation and avoid further trouble.