Homework answers / question archive / Question 1 1 / 1 pts Gestalt psychologists disagreed with the common assumption of both empiricism and Kantianism that experience is composed of discrete elements; the structure of experience can be inferred from the structure of the nervous system or perceptual organs; perception is based on unconscious inference; there exist unconscious sensations

Question 1 1 / 1 pts Gestalt psychologists disagreed with the common assumption of both empiricism and Kantianism that experience is composed of discrete elements; the structure of experience can be inferred from the structure of the nervous system or perceptual organs; perception is based on unconscious inference; there exist unconscious sensations

Psychology

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Question 1

1 / 1 pts

Gestalt psychologists disagreed with the common assumption of both empiricism and Kantianism that

experience is composed of discrete elements;

the structure of experience can be inferred from the structure of the nervous system or perceptual organs;

perception is based on unconscious inference;

there exist unconscious sensations.

 

Question 2

1 / 1 pts

Brentano argued that psychology should be  

mathematical;

explanatory;

descriptive;

applied.

 

Question 3

1 / 1 pts

For Brentano, inner perception is different from introspection in that, for the former  

the mental state is the direct object of consciousness rather than the indirect, secondary object of consciousness;

the main focus is on the object of the mental state rather than the mental state itself;

the mental state is observed in memory rather than while it is ongoing;

the mental state is apprehended through unconscious inference rather than direct observation.

 

Question 4

1 / 1 pts

Intentionality, for Brentano, is
i) the directness of a mental state;
ii) the defining characteristic of mental states as opposed to non-mental things;
iii) the deliberate purpose to do something;
iv) what precedes any motor movement.

i only;

i and ii only;

i, ii, and iii only;

i, ii, iii, and iv.

 

Question 5

1 / 1 pts

For Ehrenfels, the test to determine whether a quality was a gestalt-quality was to see whether the quality  

was possessed by any of the perceptual elements;

was possessed by the majority of the perceptual elements;

could be divided up into individual elements;

remained even when the individual perceptual elements had changed but the relationships between them were constant.

 

Question 6

1 / 1 pts

The distinction between musical notes and the melody that they make up is analogous to  

Aristotle's distinction between matter and form;

Aristotle's distinction between substance and attribute;

Plato's distinction between general and specific forms;

Aristotle's distinction between matter and substance.

 

Question 7

1 / 1 pts

For Wertheimer, the essence of the gestalt approach was that there are

wholes that are determined by the nature of their parts rather than the other way around;

wholes that determine the nature of their parts rather than the other way around;

parts that exist separately from the wholes of which they are part;

parts that have intrinsic qualities apart from the wholes of which they are part.

 

Question 8

1 / 1 pts

The constancy hypothesis states that  

the same stimulus will produce the same sensation whenever it is applied and regardless of the context in which it occurs;

the relationship between sensations remains constant through changes in the sensations themselves;

the perceptual systems strive to maintain a constant level of sensory arousal;

the same sensation will occur constantly regardless of the object that stimulates the sense organ.

 

Question 9

1 / 1 pts

The Gestalt principles of organisation are  

explanations of how sensations are put together;

descriptions of the ways in which stable perceptions exist;

innate rules that determine how we organise incoming sensory information;

subjective interpretations of the external world.

 

Question 10

1 / 1 pts

For Gestalt psychology, the organisation of the perceptual field  

arises from the association of ideas based on experiential learning;

is imposed by the structuring characteristics of the human mind;

arises spontaneously from within the field itself;

is inferred from fragmentary perceptual data.